



For Erasmus + Team
Salomé Oliveira, Portugal

"My culture, your culture, our culture".

Every nation has its own history and because of this
there are many National celebrations around Europe !
National celebrations exist to remind every people of its history and its struggles through the centuries.
They usually involve major historical events such as liberation, the end of a war, the independence of a country, etc. and have been established precisely on order to commemorate these events on this day.
If a nation does not have historical memories, it will very easily be cut off from its roots and lose its identity and orientation.
Five countries from north and south of Europe present their
National celebrations through this book and how children
participate in these events !
Lithuania, Italy , Greece , Poland , Portugal.







In Greece we have two National celebrations
One is at 28th of October and the other is 25th of March
Τhe Greeks honor these events in squares of every city and schools
and with parades and laying wreath in heroes' monuments.
National celebration of 28th October 1940
The Greco-Italian War, was a conflict between Italy and Greece, which lasted from 28 October 1940 to 23 April 1941.
It marked the beginning of the Balkan campaign of World War II
and the initial Greek counter-offensive was the first successful land campaign against the forces of Axis in the war.

The conflict known as the Battle of Greece began with the intervention of Nazi Germany on 6 April 1941.
In Greece, it is known as the "War of '40"
The Greeks wrote golden pages in Greek and world history and proved to everyone once again that they are descendants of heroes with their sacrifices and heroic struggles.
On the 23rd April, Greece surrendered to Germans that came to the aid of Italian army and was mostly occupied by Italian forces after many months after brave resistance and heroic battles.
Greece came out of this occupation on 12th October 1944.










National celebration of 25th of March !
“The Greek Revolution of 1821 is one of the pivotal chapter in Greek history and a piece in the puzzle of world history.
Greeks were flighted for their freedom against the Ottomans in 1821.
The Revolution ultimately succeeded, after great sacrifices and ultimately resulted in the formation of the Greek state.
This year 2021 we celebrate the 200 years of this fact!
The names of Greeks heroes and the sacrifices of Greek people of this revolution have been written with gold letters in the pages not only of Greek history but in Global history too.

















Our school celebrated the 200 years of independence of our country this year ,taking part in the 1st student conference ,organised Regional Directorate Primary and secondary education of Thessaly.








Various cultural events organised in all cities during our National celebration of this day!

25st March 1821
200 years after Greek!
Wishes from our partners
for the
200 hundred years
after the Greek
revolution!
200 years
of independence!


Dear Friends,
we wish you all the Best, enjoy your independence right, and keep it your culture and your traditions !

May your wishes and dreams come true... May your culture always illuminate your path. happy independence day dear friends

We wish you to continue to share your beautiful culture, independent for many more years than the 4 centuries of Empire.

Dear Friends from Greece!
We wish you peace and happines. Your rich history gave the opportunity to develop and build democratic, independent country.
The other nations could take from your culture and wisdom!
Happy Independent Day!

National celebrations
in Lithuania
Lithuania has as many as three state holidays. July 6th, the State Day, commemorates the coronation of the country's first and only king Mindaugas in 1253 (the true date of the event is based on a modern calculation, however).


February 16th, the State Restoration Day, reminds of the declaration of Lithuania's independence in 1918 and is typically considered the most important.



March 11th, the Independence Restoration Day, recalls the year 1990, when the first post-WW2 democratically elected Lithuanian parliament declared the end to the 46-year-old second Soviet occupation, triggering the collapse of the Soviet Union.
In addition to these glorious dates, every single of them non-working, several sad dates are observed. These are the June 14th (Day of Grief and Hope), when in 1941 the Soviet genocide commenced by exiling tens of thousands of Lithuanians to Siberia in cattle carriages, later joined by several times that number, many of whom died en route or after arrival.



Occupation and Genocide day on June 15th recalls the year 1940, the year when Soviets occupied Lithuania for the first time, later followed by Nazi German occupation and another Soviet occupation. January 13th, 1991 was the day when the Soviet troops unsuccessfully attempted to squash the Lithuanian freedom aspirations by force (14 armless civilians died, hundreds were injured).
It is now celebrated as the Day of Freedom Defenders.
Black Ribbon and Baltic Way day remind the August 23rd of 1939 when Soviets and Nazi Germany partitioned Europe by signing the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact, and August 23rd of 1989 when Baltic peoples have demonstrated an unmatched solidarity in creating a live chain from Vilnius, Lithuania to Tallinn, Estonia in condemnation of the 1939 pact.



Flags are downed by one-third or coupled with a black banner during these days.


“Snow Virgin Mary”: 22nd October
The month of October is particularly important for the inhabitants of our areas: on 22nd there is a celebration in honor of Maria S.S. of the Snow, saint patron of the city. The cult of Our Lady of the Snow is perpetrated in the Basilica dedicated to her, the faithful people go there to dedicate their prayers and attentions. It is curious that the Snow Virgin Mary is invoked as a liberator against the flames and the ardors of Vesuvius. This prodigious liberation, the most impressive of the town's history, took place on October 22, 1822, when the wrath of the volcano seemed to bring back the frightful days of the eruption that buried Pompeii, Herculaneum and Stabia in the 70s after Christ.

On the morning of October 22, 1822 Tower was enveloped in intense darkness, while the lava flow threatened Boscotrecase. In a rush of faith, the people ran to the feet of the Madonna praying her and organizing a procession. The Sacred Image was exposed to the veneration of the people and suddenly a ray of sunshine rested on the Virgin's face. The eruption ended.


The miracle of 22 October 1822 is commemorated with solemn celebrations: the influx of strangers and pilgrims who join the torresi each year in October, renewing the act of love and the homage to Mary.




25th April: festival of the Liberation of Italy
April 25th is the day in which every year in Italy the Liberation Day is celebrated by Nazi-fascism, which took place in 1945 at the end of the Second World War


German and fascist occupation in Italy did not end in a single day, but April 25 is considered as a symbol date, because that day of 1945 coincided with the beginning of the retreat by the soldiers of Nazi Germany and the fascists of the republic of Salo We are in 1945.

The date of April 25 symbolically also marks the beginning of the
process that then led to the birth of the Republic.
All over Italy events are organized to celebrate April 25th. In Rome the most
important ceremony is traditionally held, with a procession involving the National
Association of Italian Partisans, and the tribute to the monument of the Unknown
Soldier by the President of the Republic

Republic Day: 2 June
On June 2, Republic Day is celebrated in memory of the referendum that on that same day, in 1947, decreed the passage of Italy from a monarchic political system to a Republican one. were the first elections after 22 years of the fascist regime, the last had been in 1924.


On that occasion women also voted for the first time: it was the first time in Italian history in which universal suffrage votes were held. As is customary, the official ceremonial of the Republic Day requires that the President of the Republic lay a laurel wreath as a tribute to the Unknown Soldier, at the Altar of the Fatherland in Rome; Then the procession of the armed forces takes place along the Imperial Forums.




Mid-August or Assumption: August 15th
Mid-August is an Italian holiday that falls on August 15, coinciding with the anniversary of the Assumption of Mary. The origins of this festival lie in a very distant past, that of the Roman Empire. The Ferragosto was established by the emperor Augustus in 18 BC, to celebrate the end of seasonal agricultural work. At that time, the purposes of the mid-August were exclusively "material" in nature and served to ensure an adequate rest period after seasonal hardships of work in the fields.



During the Middle Ages an attempt was made to make the mid-August less pagan. This feast was then associated with the assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary into Heaven. Still, in Italy, the day of August coincides with the feast dedicated to the Madonna. This recurrence, of an exclusively Catholic nature, recalls the day on which the Madonna was taken or received into heaven at the end of her earthly life. This anniversary falls between 14 and 15 August. It is particularly felt in our country and, in some circumstances, the festivities can even start on the 13th. The latter include: processions, tributes to the simulacra and statues of the Madonna and celebrations of the Holy Mass.


In Portugal, so-called days of rest are practically a historical heritage of the populations since times when, especially Christianity, exercised its religious influence to consecrate some dates as homages to saints or in reference to biblical passages. In addition to the celebrations of religious origin, other holidays refer to political and social events that marked the history of a nation.
The history of holidays is therefore directly related to the civic landmarks that signal cultural transitions and tell, in their own way, about monarchical falls and rises, as well as beliefs and rebellions that have provided new paradigms to the Portuguese.

National Days are holidays, in Portugal

Revolution of 1974, April 25, in Portugal



Carnation Revolution
or
April Revolution
The end of the new state regime
Freedom Day
Establishment of the ongoing revolutionary process (PREC)


Subsequent establishment of democracy in Portugal and independence of Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique and São Tomé e Príncipe.
The revolution of 25 April, also known as the Carnation Revolution or the April Revolution, refers to an event of the history of Portugal resulting from the political and social movement, which took place on April 25, 1974, which deposed the dictatorial regime of the New State, in force since 1933, and which initiated a process that would end with the implementation of a democratic regime and with the entry into force of the new Constitution on April 25, 1976, marked by strong socialist guidance.
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For Erasmus + Team
Salomé Oliveira, Portugal

"My culture, your culture, our culture".

Every nation has its own history and because of this
there are many National celebrations around Europe !
National celebrations exist to remind every people of its history and its struggles through the centuries.
They usually involve major historical events such as liberation, the end of a war, the independence of a country, etc. and have been established precisely on order to commemorate these events on this day.
If a nation does not have historical memories, it will very easily be cut off from its roots and lose its identity and orientation.
Five countries from north and south of Europe present their
National celebrations through this book and how children
participate in these events !
Lithuania, Italy , Greece , Poland , Portugal.







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