
What is the periodic table?
The periodic table is the table of all the discovered elements and their properties.

Elemental Properties
There are three main types of elements in the periodic table. Those are metals, metalloids, and nonmetals. The metals are shiny, flexible, and are great conductors of heat/electricity. The non metals are dull, brittle, and are insulators. The metalloids are a mix of both. They are somewhat shiny, not entirely flexible, and can conduct heat but not to the full extent. The circled part in the table is the metalloids. To the left of them are the metals and to the right are the non-metals. All of the elements at the bottom are metals. Hydrogen is the only nonmetal to the right of the metalloids.

Periodic Table Families
The families in the periodic table organized by vertical columns. The numbers on top determine what family the element is in. All the elements in the same family share the same amount of valence electrons and have similar chemical properties. There are 18 families in the periodic table.





Periods of the Periodic Table
The periods are organized by horizontal rows. All of the elements in the same period have the same amount of electrons shells or energy levels. They can have varying properties. There are seven periods in the periodic table.




Role of Protons
The protons in an atom determine the identity of the atom. It doesn't matter how many electrons or neutrons there are. Only the protons determine the identity. Protons also determine the order of elements in the periodic table.

Valence Electrons
Valence electrons are the electrons that are on the outermost energy shell of an atom. These determine the elements reactivity.


Valence Electron
Alkali Metals
The Alkali metals are lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium. These metals are very good conductors, shiny, ductile, and flexible. These metals have a single valence electron, and therefore are very reactive. Due to their reactivity, these elements will not be
found in nature in their elemental forms. They can
however be found in ionic bonds. Alkali metals
have many everyday uses. Technology companies
often use lithium in the batteries of their products.
Bananas are full of potassium.

Bohr Models of Alkali Metals
Lithium
Sodium




Alkaline Earth Metals
The Alkaline Earth Metals are beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium. They are found in family 2. They are great conductors, very reactive, shiny, malleable, and ductile. Due to their reactivity, Alkaline Earth Metals do not occur freely in nature. They can be found d in compounds in nature. These metals also have some uses in our lives. Calcium is common in milk. It helps
children build strong bones, and adults retain them.
Beryllium is used in the manufacture of alloys which
are then used to make cars.

Bohr Model of Alkaline Earth Metals.
Calcium
Magnesium




Transition Metals
Most of the elements in the periodic table are metals. Of those, the most common are the Transition Metals. The Transition Metals are a lot less reactive than the Alkali or Alkaline Earth metals but they are still reactive. They are malleable, ductile, shiny, and great conductors. Some examples of Transition Metals are silver, gold, and iron. There are many uses of these metals in our lives. Titanium is used in aircraft. Mercury is used in certain types of non-digital thermometers. Nickel is used in the production of stainless steel.

Bohr Models of Transition Metals.
Scandium
Vanadium




Boron Family
The Boron Family is a group of elements that are found in group/family 13. The elements in the Boron Family are boron, aluminum, gallium, indium, thallium, and nihonium. The Boron Family is not very reactive. They are also relatively poor conductors of electricity and heat. They are not shiny or malleable. However, they are ductile. Aluminium is commonly used in soda cans. Boron is found in washing powders.



Boron Family Bohr Models
Boron
Gallium


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What is the periodic table?
The periodic table is the table of all the discovered elements and their properties.

Elemental Properties
There are three main types of elements in the periodic table. Those are metals, metalloids, and nonmetals. The metals are shiny, flexible, and are great conductors of heat/electricity. The non metals are dull, brittle, and are insulators. The metalloids are a mix of both. They are somewhat shiny, not entirely flexible, and can conduct heat but not to the full extent. The circled part in the table is the metalloids. To the left of them are the metals and to the right are the non-metals. All of the elements at the bottom are metals. Hydrogen is the only nonmetal to the right of the metalloids.

Periodic Table Families
The families in the periodic table organized by vertical columns. The numbers on top determine what family the element is in. All the elements in the same family share the same amount of valence electrons and have similar chemical properties. There are 18 families in the periodic table.





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