The Big Bang:

Although only a theory, it is a hypothesis that the universe started out as an infinitely small point that expanded out extremely fast. From being thousands of times smaller than an atom to being the size of a grapefruit in a trillionth of a second, this rapid output may be faster than the speed of light.

The Plank era:

In the first picosecond, (trillionth of a second,) the laws of physics may not apply yet. Whoever knows what is in this crazy funky and short period, just be happy to know that this is an unbelievable degree of hot matter. Well, it is said to be around 100 million million million million million degrees. Anyway, it was expanding extremely fast.

The Subatomic era:

After a few seconds, or minutes, the universe ballooned to the size of the solar system. By now, the first subatomic particles form. If primordial black holes exist, they are formed by slightly denser mass and collapse. These are TINY. Ranging from the size of a proton to only a 1-cent coin, they are TINY. Well, the universe is still full of neutrinos, leptons, electrons, radiation and etc. The universe is still 10 million degrees. OR Higher!

Nucleosynthesis:

During a time, just after 20 minutes, - still pretty hot - quarks, some of the subatomic particles, combine with unimaginable force to create neutrons and protons. If you pull quark triplets or pairs, you make more quarks. Protons attract electrons to form atoms and some grab neutrons and form hydrogen, helium, deuterium, and tritium, and, with traces of lithium. Quickly, these started to form interesting reactions.

Recombination:

Now the molecules start to form. The first theorized molecule was helium hydride, an ionized helium/hydrogen with hydrogen/helium.

The strange thing is perhaps that they never actually combined before. The universe was still hot, and things are going to escalate quickly and one thing is not right. There are still too many electrons (remember on page 9?) left alone.

The Dark Ages:

Well, remember nucleosynthesis? Many electrons (orange) are still left over, and they still travel fast as they are TINY and repel each other strongly. Because of this, they travel fast and keep getting in the way of photons (white). Photons are the key to what makes up light so you won't see clearly and things get WORSE.

Cloudy for 377,000 Years*:

As you can see, the universe was very hot, and infrared light (an invisible type of light) is detected as heat (also why you feel warm in the sun) so there is a lot of trapped light in this superdense cloud of hot gas**. The universe did cool down though. Believe me or not, this is an unpleasant stage of the universe until...

* Yes, I'm a hundred percent you heard me right.

**Possibly, there could be some plasma. (When gases are superheated.)

Dark Matter Halos: (the dark ages)

When things cooled down, dark matter accumulated in certain parts of the universe and it began to draw in gas after a photon epoch. Huge accumulations started and the center began to heat up. Unlike normal stars, it was so concentrated it formed a black hole while the star was still growing. This made the star grow very large. These robust giants are theoretical and the James Webb Space Telescope may find some. They are millions of times more massive than our sun.

Quasi stars: (note: they're theoretical)

As I mentioned before, These stars contain millions of solar masses of matter. In the start, regular stars draw in matter and then ignite blasting any extra gas away. This gives the star a limit to size. R136a1 was probably formed by merging stars. Because of the excess dark matter, it grows and grows till it is wider than the solar system. In the last stage, It grows thirty times and then explodes leaving a black hole as wide as the earth!