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Today, we are going to learn about Mesopotamia!
Mesopotamia was the 'land between two rivers'.
It was located between the Euphrates River and the
Tigris River in modern-day Iraq.
There were many empires that rose and fell in
Mesopotamia, and today you'll read about the 6 largest
Empires. You'll even learn about a few city-states; one
of which developed the Alphabet!

The first empire that we are going to learn about is
the Akkadian Empire. The Akkadian Empire began in
2340 B.C and is believed to have existed along the
left bank of the Euphrates River. It was built by King
Sargon. Akkad was the first empire ever built! They
also had a postal service and the first dynasty.
Akkad eventually fell because Hill People constantly
attack the empire.

The Amorites existed around the same time as the Akadians
The king Hammurabi built this kingdom South of Akkad.
Hammurabi made the Code of Hammurabi: An eye for
an eye. That means that if someone hurt another person, they
would be punished the same way they hurt that person. They
also centralized government. The downfall of the Amorites was
caused by weaker kings that couldn't control the Empire after
Hammurabi died.

Eye for an Eye

The third empire we will learn about is the Hittite Empire.
The Hittite Empire existed in modern-day Turkey.
The Hittites took a huge step forward by using iron to
make tools and weapons! Before iron, people used to use
bronze to make tools, but iron is much stronger and more
durable than bronze. The Hittites used the advantage of
iron to take over city-states and other peoples. They also
made use of chariots. Chariots are two wheeled,
basket-like vehicles that were pulled by horses.The main
reason the Hittites fell was because Sea People invaded
them. The Sea People also led to the decline of other
empires.

The Assyrians rose and fell many times. The first rise was after the
Akkadians fell. The king Shamshi-Adad expanded the empire north
and the Assyrians grew wealthy. But after Shamshi-Adad died, the
empire grew weak and fell to the Babylonians. During the second
rise, the Assyrians conquered all of Mesopotamia and also much of
the Middle East. The empire reached its peak under King
Tiglath-Pileser III. He built roads to help with communication
throughout the empire.

The Chaldeans, a.k.a the Babylonians, were a great Empire. The king
Nebuchadnezzar built the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, which is
one of the 7 Wonders of the World. He also made Babylonia the
leading state in Western Asia. He had a moat built around the city of
Babylonia for defense, too. They conquered many people, and even
enslaved the Hebrews for 70 years as told in the Bible.
Today, you can go to Iraq to see the reconstruction of Babylonia!