Volcanic eruptions

A volcanic eruption happens when hot, melted rock called magma comes out of the Earth. It comes through a hole in the ground called a volcano. When the magma comes out, it’s called lava. Sometimes, the lava explodes into the air! Volcanos happen because the Earth is always changing.

Scientists use clues like small earthquakes, gas release, ground movement, and heat to know if a volcano is about to erupt. They use seismometers, gas sensors, thermal cameras, and GPS to track these signs.

Volcanoes form when magma rises to the surface. This happens at tectonic plate boundaries or hotspots deep inside the Earth.