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Geography - Mainland Greece is a mountainous 

land almost completely surrounded by the 

Mediterranean Sea. Greece has more than 1400 

islands. The country has mild winters and long, 

hot and dry summers.

Athens - Athens is the capital and largest city in 

Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and 

is one of the world's oldest cities, with its 

recorded history spanning around 3,400 years, 

and the earliest human presence around the 

11th–7th millennium BC. 

Sparta - Sparta was a warrior society in ancient 

Greece that reached the height of its power 

after defeating rival city-state Athens in the 

Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.). Spartan 

culture was centered on loyalty to the state and 

military service.

Battle of Thermopylae- The Battle of 

Thermopylae was fought between an alliance of 

Greek city-states, led by King Leonidas of 

Sparta, and the Persian Empire of Xerxes I over 

the course of three days, during the second 

Persian invasion of Greece.

Peloponnesian wars - The Peloponnesian War 

(431–404 BC) was an ancient Greek war fought 

by Athens and its empire against the 

Peloponnesian League led by Sparta. Historians 

have traditionally divided the war into three 

phases.

Gods - There are 12 most famous Gods in ancient Greece. 

Zeus, who is the God of the sky and the king of all Gods, Hera 

who is the Goddess of Marriage, Athene or Athena who is the 

Goddess of wisdom, War, and Useful arts, Poseidon who is the 

God of the sea, Hades who is the God of the Underworld, 

Demeter who is the Goddess of Agriculture, Artemis who was 

the virgin Goddess of the Hunt, Apollo who is the God of 

Archery, Music, Poetry, Prophecy, Medicine and was later on 

known as the God of the Sun, Hermes who is the God of the 

Roadways, Travelers, Merchants and Thieves, Hephaestus who 

is the God of Blacksmiths and Fire, Aphrodite who is the 

Goddess of Love and Beauty, and Prometheus who is the God 

of Trickery. 

Philosophers - The three most famous or 

most important philosophers are Socrates, 

Plato, and Aristotle. Socrates was a 

classical Greek (Athenian) philosopher 

credited as one of the founders of Western 

philosophy. He is an enigmatic figure known 

chiefly through the accounts of classical 

writers, especially the writings of his 

students Plato and Xenophon and the plays 

of his contemporary Aristophanes

Art and Architecture-The arts of ancient 

Greece have influenced the culture of 

many countries all over the world, 

mostly in the areas of sculpture and 

architecture. In the West, the art of the 

Roman Empire was largely derived from 

Greek models. In the East, Alexander 

the Great's conquests initiated several 

centuries of exchange between Greek, 

Central Asian and Indian cultures, 

resulting in Greco-Buddhist art

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