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1. Judaism 

Leader and Beginnings

Holy Writings and Guidelines

Beliefs/ Influence of Beliefs

2.Christianity

Leader and Beginnings

Holy Writings and Guidelines

Beliefs/ Influence of Beliefs

3. Hinduism

Leader and Beginnings

Holy Writings and Guidelines

Beliefs/ Influence of Beliefs

4. Buddhism

Leader and Beginnings

Holy Writings and Guidelines

Beliefs/ Influence of Beliefs

5. Islamic/Muslim

Leader and Beginnings

Holy Writings and Guidelines

Beliefs/ Influence of Beliefs

6. Confucianism

Leader and Beginnings

Holy Writings and Guidelines

Beliefs/ Influence of Beliefs

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Table of Contents

1. Judaism

Leader and Beginnings

BC 3100- Judaism develops a nation. 

BC 3000-Early civilization in Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, and Egypt.

BC 2500- Great pyramids at El Giza

BC 2000-1700- Abraham is born in the city of Ur Mesopotamia. He 

brings his family to Canaan.

BC 1280- Moses brings his people out of slavery.

BC 922- Empire is divided into two kingdoms, Israel in the north and 

Judah in the south.

BC 586- Directed by King Nebuchadnezzar, Babylonians conquer the 

Kingdom of Judah. Jerusalem is destroyed and the people of Judah 

are exiled to Babylon.

Holy Writings and Guidelines

Torah

-First five books of the Christian bible

-Contains basic laws of Judaism

-Recounts origins of humanity and Judaism

Prophets- 

-Stories about and writings by Jewish teachers.

-Recounts Jewish history and calls for repentance and obedience.

Guidelines- Study scripture or sacred writings and live according to 

what they teach. Follow the commandments.

Beliefs/Influence of Beliefs

-God created the Earth and all living 

things. There is one God.

-Jews believe that actions (good 

deeds), not beliefs, are the most 

important aspect of life.

-According to Jews, there is one all 

powerful God, but they do not 

believe in his son, Jesus.

-The goal was living a life according 

with God's law. "Love justice and 

kindness and walk humbly with thy 

God."

2. Christianity

Leader and Beginnings

God had promised his people that a savior known 

as Messiah would arrive and restore the 

kingdom. About two decades after the Roman 

Rule, it is believed that the savior was born.

around 6-4 BC- a Jew named Jesus was born 

in the town of Bethlehem in Judea.

Age 30- Jesus began ministering and 

performing miracles.

29 AD- Crowds greeted Jesus, calling him King 

as he entered Jerusalem. However the chief 

priest of the Jews denied Jesus as Messiah. 

The roman governor accused Jesus of defying 

the authority of Rome. Jesus was arrested and 

was sentenced to crucifixion. He told his 

people would rise again in three days, then he 

was nailed to a wooden cross next to criminals 

to die.

Three days later, it is believed that jesus rose 

again and ascended to heaven, where he 

would prepare a place for his people after their 

death. 

Still today, Christianity continues to rise.

Holy Writings and Guidelines

The main source of holy writings in the Christian faith is the Bible. In the bible are two 

testaments, the old and the new. The old testament focuses on life before Jesus 

(Jewish history) and the new testament   describes the teachings of Jesus Christ.

Christians are supposed to follow the rules of the Bible. The Ten Commandments are 

considered to be the most important rules.

Ten Commandments:

Serve ONE GOD.

“Sir, what must I do to be saved?” 

They replied, “Believe in the Lord Jesus, and you will be saved—you and your 

household.” 

          -Acts 16:30-31

Beliefs/Influence of Beliefs

-The center belief of Christianity is that by faith in the   death and 

resurrection of Jesus, Christians are saved from death by redemption 

from their sins.

-Jesus is both God and man.

-Through Jesus' death, believers are healed and forgiven from all sin.

Influence of beliefs:

The Bible was written, it was the Hebrew bible but it also had a New Testament.  

Church leaders were moved to Nicaea in Anatolia. There, they wrote the Nicene 

Creed, which defined the beliefs of Christianity. Several writers and scholars 

were influential in the increase of Christians. One of these men was named 

Augustine who taught that humans need the grace of God to be saved.

3. Hinduism

Leader and Beginnings

800 BCE-

The religion of Hinduism originated in Northern 

India, near the river Indus, about 4000 years 

ago and is the world's oldest existing religion

1500-800 BC Development of the Vedas. (holy 

book)

600 BC- Beginning of the Caste System.

200 BC-200 AD The Laws of Manu (Hindu king)

1100 AD-Ramanuja (Yoga is the last step 

toward salvation.)

1200 AD- Muslim dominates India.

1947 AD- Independence 

of India.

Holy Writings and Guidelines

Respect. Meditate. Dedicate.

Holy Book- Sacred writings of the Hindu religion are in the Sanskrit and 

called the Vedas. 

The Upanisads - Considers the nature of the individual soul (reincarnation)

The Smrutis - Laws of Manu

The Puranas - Collection of ancient tales about the different incarnations 

and lives of saints.

Beliefs/Influence of Beliefs

Buddhism influences Hinduism

Hindus believe in a God named Brahman. Hindus believe that there is 

a part of Brahman in everyone, this is called the Atman.

Hindus believe in reincarnation and all forms of life contain a soul. 

Everyone has a chance to experience life in a different form of 

creature. They believe in Karma (good and bad actions are paid for).

Unlike most religions, Hinduism cannot be tracked back to a 

founder.

4. Buddhism

Leader and Beginnings

4th or 5th century B.C.-Buddhism was founded by the teacher, 

Siddhartha Gautama. He was called the Buddha.

c. 521 BCE- Buddha began his search for truth. 

c. 528 BCE- Siddhartha Gautama,achieved enlightenment while 

meditating.

c. 528 BCE- The Four Noble Truths were made.

c. 483 BCE- Buddha's death.

Buddhism travels into the world.

Holy Writings and Guidelines

The Four Noble Truths were written by Siddhartha (Buddha) becoming 

the basic Buddhist teaching:

- Existence is suffering,

- The cause of suffering is within the self,

-An end to suffering is possible,

-Following the Eightfold Path ends suffering and leads to Nirvana. 

After Buddha's death, his followers wrote down his speeches, these 

become the holy writings of Buddhism.

The holy book of Buddhism is called the Tipitaka, also known as the 

Pali Canon.

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