A is for Absolute Monarchy. Absolute Monarchy is where the king or queen holds all the power in their state. A couple of absolute monarchs are King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella. Absolute Monarchies matter in the age of enlightenment because that prompted a chain of events that led to the modern age of science.

B: Bourbon Dynasty. The Bourbon Dynasty ruled France in the 16th century and is a royal family. This is important to absolute monarchies because the Bourbon Dynasty produced King Louis the XIV, someone who ruled absolutely.

C: Constitutional Monarchy. Constitutional Monarchy is where a head of state rules with checks and balances. This matters, because the idea of a king not having absolute power helped bring an end to absolute monarchies.

D: Divine Right. It asserts that a monarch is subject to no earthly authority, deriving the right to rule directly from God. This helped give absolute monarchs a more conceivable reason to rule in an era dominated by Christians.

E: Edward Jenner. He made the first vaccine, which was for smallpox. His innovation was important to the enlightenment age because it was a scientific period.

F: Frederick II of Prussia. He granted many religious freedoms, reduced censorships and improved education. He pursued enlightenment but didn't want to give up his power.

G: Geocentric Theory. The geocentric theory was the theory that everything revolved around the earth. Some scientists tried to disprove this theory and caused a new age of modern science.

H: Heliocentric Theory. The theory that our solar system (including the earth) revolved around the sun. This was a huge advancement, because it helped us better understand the laws of gravity and the science of the universe.

I: Isaac Newton. Isaac Newton made a lot of innovations. He made the three cornerstone laws in physics, as well as the law of gravity. Along with that, he created calculus, a type of math that is incredibly useful. With all of his ideas he remains one of the most influential scientists of all time. Because of this, he matters a lot in the scientific revolution.

J: John Locke. John Locke believed that people were reasonable, which led to a new type of government where the government was made to protect the rights of the people. His ideas were very similar to a democracy.

K: King. Kings were the most powerful people in the 16th, 17th,18th, and even the 19th century. They ruled their nations and often times ruled in an absolute monarchies. Many of the dynasties of ruling people were overthrown when the age of enlightenment came.

L: King Louis the XVI. He was a ruler and king of France until he was executed via guillotine because of treason. He was executed during the French Revolution. The people of France won against the absolute monarchy of King Louis XVI.

M: Monarchy. A monarchy is a form of government that has a ruling figure at the head. It can be an absolute monarchy, or any other category that falls under non-absolute monarchies. This type of government was popular back in the middle ages and the 16th-18th centuries.

N: Natural Law. Natural law says that human affairs should be governed by ethical principles, which consist of a body of unchanging moral principles which are the basis of all human conduct.

O: Oman. Oman is a modern country with an absolute monarchy; that is a head of state that holds all the power. This shows that there are still absolute monarchies in the world.

P: Philosophers. The Renaissance gave way to a deeper understanding of the way the world works, and philosophers were the great thinkers of that time. But with the rise of scientific theories it came time for a new generation of thinkers like Galileo Galilei for science and politics like Thomas Hobbes.