
is for Accuracy
Accuracy is one of the key elements of fluency. Fluent readers are able to read a text accurately, which means to read words in a text correctly (Fry & Kress, 2016, p. 346).

is for Bridge
Fluency is the bridge that connects decoding to reading comprehension (Pikulski & Chard, 2005). In order for students to experience good reading comprehension, they must become fluent readers, which begins with being able to decode text.


is for Choral Reading

Choral reading supports fluency as it involves students reading aloud in unison, along with a teacher or more-capable reader. This method is used to work on reading out loud as students need to practice, practice, practice reading to become fluent readers (Honig, Diamond, & Gutlohn, 2013).

is for Duet Reading

In duet reading, two students read aloud in unison (Honig, Diamond, & Gutlohn, 2013, p. 365). For students to become fluent readers, they need lots of practice with reading a text out loud.

is for Echo Reading

Echo reading is a method that involves the teacher reading a passage or sentence aloud and having students become the echo and read it back. As students echo read, they try to match the teacher's pace and expression (Cunningham & Allington, 1999, p. 83).
is for Fluency!

Fluency is the "ability to read accurately, quickly, effortlessly, and with appropriate expression and meaning" (Griffith & Rasinski, 2004, p.126).

is for Genre

Texts should be chosen carefully when used to develop fluency, one criteria in particular is text genre. Passages chosen should vary in genre, from short stories to informational texts to songs and poetry (Pikulski & Chard, 2005).
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is for High-frequency Words

High-frequency words are words that are used most often (Fry & Kress, 2016, p. 44). By teaching students high-frequency words, students will begin to recognize the words while reading and be able to read the words fluently.

is for Fluency Idol

Fluency Idol is a fluency instructional method that combines practice, repeated readings, supportive feedback, and oral performance. The method requires students to choose a poem, practice the poem, and finally perform the poem in front of the class (Calo, Ferguson, & Koitz, 2013).
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is for Just Keep Reading

Just keep reading, reading, reading! As educators we want our students to be able to read well, and in order to do so, we must encourage students to read lots (Pikulski & Chard, 2005).

is for Knowledge

Fluent readers use knowledge of how words work to decode challenging vocabulary and unfamiliar words. Such knowledge of how words work include sounds/letters and word parts (Schulman & Payne, 2000. p. 46).

is for Level of Text Difficulty

Level of text difficulty is another important criteria to consider when choosing text to support fluency. It is essential that the text being read is at the correct level of difficulty for the student. The level of difficulty should increase over time in order to continue building fluency, especially for struggling readers (Pikulski & Chard, 2005).

is for Modeling Fluent Reading

Modeled reading is a method used to enhance fluency by reading aloud to students. When teachers read aloud to their students, it provides them with a model of how fluent reading sounds. It will show students how to pace reading and infuse expression while attending to sentence structure and punctuation (Pikulski & Chard, 2005).
is for National Reading Panel

The National Reading Panel's Report found support for direct fluency instruction in improving children's reading through the elementary grades. Instruction features involved modeling, choral reading, rereading, feedback, partner reading, and performance reading (Fry & Kress, 2016, p. 344).
is for Oral Reading

Oral reading is having students read a text aloud. As Kress and Fry write in The Reading Teacher's Book of Lists, "every opportunity to read aloud is an opportunity to develop students' reading fluency" (Kress & Fry, 2016, p. 353).

is for Poetry Slam

A poetry slam is another method used by teachers to improve readers' oral reading fluency. Teachers have students select a poem to rehearse and at the end of the week hold a classroom open mike event (Kress & Fry, 2016, p. 352).

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is for Accuracy
Accuracy is one of the key elements of fluency. Fluent readers are able to read a text accurately, which means to read words in a text correctly (Fry & Kress, 2016, p. 346).

is for Bridge
Fluency is the bridge that connects decoding to reading comprehension (Pikulski & Chard, 2005). In order for students to experience good reading comprehension, they must become fluent readers, which begins with being able to decode text.


is for Choral Reading

Choral reading supports fluency as it involves students reading aloud in unison, along with a teacher or more-capable reader. This method is used to work on reading out loud as students need to practice, practice, practice reading to become fluent readers (Honig, Diamond, & Gutlohn, 2013).

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