The monuments included in the World Heritage List are selected and approved based on their value as the best examples of human creative intelligence. They are evidence of a significant exchange of human values and provide a unique or at least exceptional testimony of a cultural tradition or a culture that is still alive or has disappeared. They are directly connected with important stages of human history and for this reason they have outstanding universal value and are part of the common heritage of humanity. Greece has co-signed since 1981 the UNESCO Treaty for the Protection of Monuments and World Heritage Sites. The goal of UNESCO is to protect against all kinds of decay and destruction, so that they can be inherited by future generations.

The book is a  result of the cooperation of five countries around of Europe (Greece, Poland, Lithuania, Italy, Portugal) worked together and include all the World Heritage Monuments, protected by UNESCO, which are in each of these countries.

GREECE

Greece has inscribed 18 monuments and sites in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

CHURCH OF APOLLO – VASSES (Date of accession 1986)

The famous temple dedicated to the god of healing and the sun, was built in the middle of the 5th century in the steep mountains between Ilia, Arcadia and Messinia. The church, with the oldest Corinthian capital ever found, combines the Archaic style with the Doric one, with some bold architectural features.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF THE ACROPOLIS (Date of accession 1987)

Depicting the cultures, myths and religions that flourished in Greece for a period of more than a thousand years, the Acropolis includes four of the most important masterpieces of the classical Greek period, the Parthenon, the Propylaea, the Erechtheum and the temple of Athena Nike , which can be considered symbols of the idea of world heritage.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF DELPHI (Date of accession 1987)

The Panhellenic Sanctuary of Delphi, where the oracle of Apollo was given, was considered the "navel of the earth". Harmoniously adapted to the exquisite landscape and imbued with sacred significance, the archaeological site of Delphi was in the 6th BC. century religious center and the symbol of unity of the ancient world.

SANCTUARY OF ASCLEPIUS IN EPIDAURUS (Date of accession 1988)

In a small valley of the Peloponnese, the archeological site of Epidaurus extends to different levels. The cult of Asclepius began there for the first time in the 6th century BC. century, but the main monuments, especially the Theater which is considered one of the purest masterpieces of Greek architecture date from the 4th century. The wide archeological site is a tribute to the thermal cults of the Greek and Roman period with temples and hospital buildings dedicated to their gods.

MOUNT ATOS - ATHOS (Date of accession 1988)

Orthodox spiritual center since 1054, Mount Athos has enjoyed a status of autonomy since the Byzantine era. "Mount Athos", the entrance to which is forbidden to women, has also been recognized as a landscape of artistic value. The layout of the monasteries (a total of 20, inhabited by about 1400 monks) has affected monasteries far away (such as those in Russia) and their school of hagiography has significantly influenced the history of Orthodox art.

METEORA (Date of accession 1988)

In an inaccessible area of Meteora, on the tops of steep cliffs, monks installed "the pillars of heaven", as they called them, their sacred monasteries from the 11th century until today. During the revival of hermitage under extremely difficult conditions in the 15th century AD, 24 monasteries were built. The frescoes of the monasteries, which date from the 16th century, are a reference point for the development of Post-Byzantine painting.

EARLY CHRISTIAN AND BYZANTINE MONUMENTS OF THESSALONIKI

(Date of accession 1988)

Rotunda, Church of the Immaculate Conception, Church of Agios Dimitrios, Latomos Monastery, Church of Agia Sophia, Panagia ton Chalkeon, Church of Agios Panteleimon, Church of Agios Apostolos, Church of Agios Nikolaos Orfanos, Church of Agia Aikaterini, Church of Pantokrator, Pantokrator Elias, Byzantine Baths, Walls of Thessaloniki.

Thessaloniki, the second most important city in Greece, was founded in 315 and was one of the first centers of the spread of Christianity. Its Christian monuments include pre-Christian temples and three-aisled royal churches. They were built from the 4th to the 15th century and constitute a timeless typological series, which significantly influenced the Byzantine world. The mosaics of the Rotunda, St. Demetrius and St. David are among the most important masterpieces of early Christian art.

MEDIEVAL CITY OF RHODES (Date of accession 1988)

The Order of St. John of Jerusalem occupied Rhodes from 1309 to 1523 and turned the city into a stronghold. Later, the city came under Italian and Turkish occupation. With the Palace of the Great Lords, the Hospital and the Way of the Knights, the Upper Town is one of the most beautiful urban centers of the Gothic period. In the Lower Town, Gothic architecture coexists harmoniously with mosques, public baths and other buildings of the Ottoman period.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF OLYMPIA (Date of accession 1989)

The archeological site of Olympia, in a valley of the Peloponnese, has been inhabited since prehistoric times. In the 10th century BC. Olympia became the center of worship of Zeus. The monument of Alti - the sanctuary of the gods - gathers important masterpieces of the ancient Greek world. In addition to the temples, there are the remains of all the sports facilities created for the Olympic Games and which were organized in Olympia, from 776 BC, every four years.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE MYSTRA (Date of accession 1989)

The miracle of Moria was built as a fortress in 1249 by the King of Achaia William Villehardouin. It was recaptured by the Byzantines, later conquered by the Turks and the Venetians. The city was abandoned in 1832 leaving fascinating medieval ruins standing in a location of exceptional beauty.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF DELOS (Date of accession 1990)

According to Greek mythology, Apollo was born on this small island in the Cyclades. The sanctuaries of Apollo attracted pilgrims from all over Greece and Delos was a thriving commercial port. The island has influences from the successive civilizations of the "Aegean" world, from the 3rd millennium BC. to the Early Christian era. The archeological site is extremely extensive and rich and gives the image of a great cosmopolitan Mediterranean port.

MONASTERY OF LAUREL (Date of accession 1990)

Despite their significant geographical distance (the first in Attica, the second in Fokida and the third in the Aegean) these three monasteries belong to the same typological order. The churches have been built with a large dome which is supported by small arches creating an octagonal space. In the 11th and 12th centuries the churches had a variety of decoration, colorful orthomarble, mosaics and mosaics on a gold background, all characteristic of the "second Byzantine Period".

ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF HERAI SAMOS (Date of accession 1992)

From the 3rd millennium BC. Many cultures have inhabited this small Aegean island near Asia Minor. The ruins of Pythagorion, an ancient fortified port with Greek and Roman monuments and an impressive aqueduct, as well as Heraion, the temple of Hera of Samos, are still open to the public.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF GOATS (VERGINA) (Date of accession 1996)

The city of Aigai, the first capital of the Kingdom of ancient Macedonia, was discovered in the 19th century near Vergina in Northern Greece. The most important monuments are the Palace, decorated with mosaics and frescoes and the burial site, some of which date from the 11th century BC. One of the royal tombs in the Great Tomb, was recognized as the tomb of Philip II who conquered all Greek city-states, paving the way for his son Alexander and the spread of the Hellenistic world.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES OF MYCENA AND TIRINTHA 

(Date of accession 1999)

The archeological sites of Mycenae and Tiryns are the imposing monuments of the two largest cities of the Mycenaean civilization, which dominated the eastern Mediterranean from the 15th to the 12th century BC. and played a vital role in the development of classical Greek culture. These two cities are associated with the Homeric epics, the Iliad and the Odyssey, which have influenced European art and literature for more than 3 millennia.

HISTORICAL CENTER (CHORA), WITH THE MONASTERY OF SAINT JOHN OF THEOLOGIST AND THE CAVE OF THE APOCALYPSE IN PATMOS

(Date of accession 1999)

Patmos, in the Dodecanese, is famous as the island where Saint John the Theologian wrote the Gospel and the Apocalypse. A monastery dedicated to the "beloved student" was discovered on the island in the late 10th century. Since then it has been a place of pilgrimage and a station of Greek Orthodox learning. The monastery complex dominates the island. The old settlement of Chora, which is connected to it, includes religious and folk buildings.

CORFU OLD TOWN (Date of accession 2007)

The Old Town of Corfu with its two fortresses, the old and the new, and with traces of multiple influences, is located at the entrance of the Adriatic Sea and has been inhabited since antiquity until today. Due to its strategic location, Corfu developed into an important port that protected the island from repeated sieges. The Old Town of Corfu is considered one of the most important fortified cities in the Mediterranean.

Archaeological Site of Philippi (Date of accession 2016)

Philippi is one of the most important and complete archeological sites of Northern Greece, with many monuments, which are associated with the evolution of the city from the Hellenistic period to the late Byzantine years. Its strategic position, distinguished by Philip II, is being upgraded with the "Egnatia Odos". After the dramatic battle in 42 BC. who defined the political history of the Roman state lives a period of prosperity as a Roman colony (Colonia Augusta Julia Philippensis). The Apostle Paul came to this lively urban center and founded the first Christian church on European soil in 49/50 AD, a fact that was to change the physiognomy of both the city and the continent. With the recognition of Christianity and its establishment as the official religion of the state in the city, imposing Christian temples were established, a panorama of early Christian architecture.

POLAND

There are 16 places which were listed as protected by Unesco till now. Here on the map you can see all of  them. With the tag there are marked 5 of them which are close to our region in Lesser Poland.

Krakow - The Old Town 

The city of Kraków, chartered in 1257, is the old capital of Poland. The historic centre encompasses three urban ensembles, the medieval City of Kraków, the Wawel Hill complex (the royal residence together with the Wawel Cathedral where several kings of Poland are buried), and the town of Kazimierz, including the suburb of Stradom, which was shaped by Catholic and Jewish residents. Kraków was a city of arts and crafts, a meeting place of East and West. The city retains a high level of integrity and includes buildings and features in styles from the early Romanesque to the Modernist periods. A minor boundary modification of the site took place in 2010.

The deposit of rock salt in Wieliczka and Bochnia has been mined since the 13th century. This major industrial undertaking has royal status and is the oldest of its type in Europe. The site is a serial property consisting of Wieliczka and Bochnia salt mines and Wieliczka Saltworks Castle. The Wieliczka and Bochnia Royal Salt Mines illustrate the historic stages of the development of mining techniques in Europe from the 13th to the 20th centuries: both mines have hundreds of kilometers of galleries with works of art, underground chapels and statues sculpted in the salt, making a fascinating pilgrimage into the past. The mines were administratively and technically run by Wieliczka Saltworks Castle, which dates from the medieval period and has been rebuilt several times in the course of its history.

Auschwitz and Auschwitz Birkenau  concentration Capms 

Auschwitz was a network of Nazi concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II. It was the largest of the German concentration camps. The World Heritage Site covers Auschwitz I (the base camp), Auschwitz II–Birkenau (the extermination camp), and a mass grave of inmates.

The site was originally listed as "Auschwitz Concentration Camp", but upon Poland's request renamed as "Auschwitz Birkenau" with the subtitle of "German Nazi Concentration and Extermination Camp (1940–1945)".

Kalwaria Zebrzydowska is a breathtaking cultural landscape of great spiritual significance. Its natural setting – in which a series of symbolic places of worship relating to the Passion of Jesus Christ and the life of the Virgin Mary was laid out at the beginning of the 17th century – has remained virtually unchanged. It is still today a place of pilgrimage.

The wooden churches of southern Little Poland represent outstanding examples of the different aspects of medieval church-building traditions in Roman Catholic culture. Built using the horizontal log technique, common in eastern and northern Europe since the Middle Ages, these churches were sponsored by noble families and became status symbols. They offered an alternative to the stone structures erected in urban centres.They are located in the towns and villages of Blizne, Binarowa, Dębno Podhalańskie, Haczów, Lipnica Murowana, and Sękowa, which lie within the historic region of Małopolska in southern and south-eastern Poland, encompassing the Carpathian foothills of the northern part of the Western Carpathians. 

This 13th-century fortified monastery belonging to the Teutonic Order was substantially enlarged and embellished after 1309, when the seat of the Grand Master moved here from Venice. A particularly fine example of a medieval brick castle, it later fell into decay, but was meticulously restored in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Many of the conservation techniques now accepted as standard were evolved here. Following severe damage in the Second World War it was once again restored, using the detailed documentation prepared by earlier conservators.

The Centennial Hall, a landmark in the history of reinforced concrete architecture, was erected in 1911-1913 by the architect Max Berg as a multi-purpose recreational building, situated in the Exhibition Grounds. In form it is a symmetrical quatrefoil with a vast circular central space that can seat some 6,000 persons. The 23m-high dome is topped with a lantern in steel and glass. The Centennial Hall is a pioneering work of modern engineering and architecture, which exhibits an important interchange of influences in the early 20th century, becoming a key reference in the later development of reinforced concrete structures.

The Churches of Peace in Jawor and Świdnica, the largest timber-framed religious buildings in Europe, were built in the former Silesia in the mid-17th century, amid the religious strife that followed the Peace of Westphalia. Constrained by the physical and political conditions, the Churches of Peace bear testimony to the quest for religious freedom and are a rare expression of Lutheran ideology in an idiom generally associated with the Catholic Church.

During the Warsaw Uprising in August 1944, more than 85% of Warsaw's historic centre was destroyed by Nazi troops. After the war, a five-year reconstruction campaign by its citizens resulted in today's meticulous restoration of the Old Town, with its churches, palaces and market-place. It is an outstanding example of a near-total reconstruction of a span of history covering the 13th to the 20th century.

Located in the mountain region of Świętokrzyskie, Krzemionki is an ensemble of four mining sites, dating from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age (about 3900 to 1600 BCE), dedicated to the extraction and processing of striped flint, which was mainly used for axe-making. With its underground mining structures, flint workshops and some 4,000 shafts and pits, the property features one of the most comprehensive prehistoric underground flint extraction and processing systems identified to date. The property provides information about life and work in prehistoric settlements and bears witness to an extinct cultural tradition. It is an exceptional testimony of the importance of the prehistoric period and of flint mining for tool production in human history.

Torun owes its origins to the Teutonic Order, which built a castle there in the mid-13th century as a base for the conquest and evangelization of Prussia. It soon developed a commercial role as part of the Hanseatic League. In the Old and New Town, the many imposing public and private buildings from the 14th and 15th centuries (among them the house of Copernicus) are striking evidence of Torun's importance.

A landscaped park of 559.9 ha astride the Neisse River and the border between Poland and Germany, it was created by Prince Hermann von Puckler-Muskau from 1815 to 1844. Blending seamlessly with the surrounding farmed landscape, the park pioneered new approaches to landscape design and influenced the development of landscape architecture in Europe and America. Designed as a ‘painting with plants’, it did not seek to evoke classical landscapes, paradise, or some lost perfection, instead using local plants to enhance the inherent qualities of the existing landscape. This integrated landscape extends into the town of Muskau with green passages that formed urban parks framing areas for development. The town thus became a design component in a utopian landscape. The site also features a reconstructed castle, bridges and an arboretum.

Zamosc was founded in the 16th century by the chancellor Jan Zamoysky on the trade route linking western and northern Europe with the Black Sea. Modelled on Italian theories of the 'ideal city' and built by the architect Bernando Morando, a native of Padua, Zamosc is a perfect example of a late-16th-century Renaissance town. It has retained its original layout and fortifications and a large number of buildings that combine Italian and central European architectural traditions.

Located in Upper Silesia, in southern Poland, one of the main mining areas of central Europe, the property includes the entire underground mine with adits, shafts, galleries and other features of the water management system. Most of the property is situated underground while the surface mining topography features relics of shafts and waste heaps, as well as the remains of the 19th century steam water pumping station. The elements of the water management system, located underground and on the surface, testify to continuous efforts over three centuries to drain the underground extraction zone and to use undesirable water from the mines to supply towns and industry. Tarnowskie Góry represents a significant contribution to the global production of lead and zinc.

Situated in the eastern fringe of Central Europe, the transnational property numbers a selection of sixteen tserkvas (churches). They were built of horizontal wooden logs between the 16 and 19 centuries by communities of Orthodox and Greek Catholic faiths. The tserkvas bear testimony to a distinct building tradition rooted in Orthodox ecclesiastic design interwoven with elements of local tradition, and symbolic references to their communities’ cosmogony.  The tserkvas are built on a tri-partite plan surmounted by open quadrilateral or octagonal domes and cupolas. Integral to tserkvas are iconostasis screens, interior polychrome decorations, and other historic furnishings. Important elements of some tserkvas include wooden bell towers, churchyards, gatehouses and graveyards.

 There are 4 sites in Lithuania  included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

The Struve Arc is a chain of survey triangulations stretching from Hammerfest in Norway to the Black Sea, through 10 countries and over 2,820 km. These are points of a survey, carried out between 1816 and 1855 by the astronomer Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve, which represented the first accurate measuring of a long segment of a meridian. This helped to establish the exact size and shape of the planet and marked an important step in the development of earth sciences and topographic mapping. It is an extraordinary example of scientific collaboration among scientists from different countries, and of collaboration between monarchs for a scientific cause. The original arc consisted of 258 main triangles with 265 main station points. The listed site includes 34 of the original station points, with different markings, i.e. a drilled hole in rock, iron cross, cairns, or built obelisks.

Political centre of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the 13th to the end of the 18th century, Vilnius has had a profound influence on the cultural and architectural development of much of eastern Europe. Despite invasions and partial destruction, it has preserved an impressive complex of Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque and classical buildings as well as its medieval layout and natural setting.

The Kernavė Archaeological site, about 35 km north-west of Vilnius in eastern Lithuania, represents an exceptional testimony to some 10 millennia of human settlements in this region. Situated in the valley of the River Neris, the site is a complex ensemble of archaeological properties, encompassing the town of Kernavė, forts, some unfortified settlements, burial sites and other archaeological, historical and cultural monuments from the late Palaeolithic Period to the Middle Ages. The site of 194,4 ha has preserved the traces of ancient land-use, as well as remains of five impressive hill forts, part of an exceptionally large defence system. Kernavė was an important feudal town in the Middle Ages. The town was destroyed by the Teutonic Order in the late 14th century, however the site remained in use until modern times.

Human habitation of this elongated sand dune peninsula, 98 km long and 0.4-4 km wide, dates back to prehistoric times. Throughout this period it has been threatened by the natural forces of wind and waves. Its survival to the present day has been made possible only as a result of ceaseless human efforts to combat the erosion of the Spit, dramatically illustrated by continuing stabilisation and reforestation projects.

ITALY

Italy can boast 55 sites included in the UNESCO World Heritage List: monuments, historic centers, archaeological and natural parks, places to which it is recognized to be unique, exceptional testimonies of the human being's journey on Earth. It is an enormous wealth, the Italian one, places where man and nature harmonized perfectly, creating absolute masterpieces.

Venice

 The romantic city of Venice is located in the Veneto region of Italy — one of the northernmost states. This ancient and historically important city was originally built on 100 small islands in the Adriatic Sea. Instead or roads, Venice relies on a series of waterways and canals. One of the most famous areas of the city is the world-renowned Grand Canal thoroughfare, which was a major centre of the Renaissance. Another unmistakable area is the central square in Venice, called the Piazza San Marco. This is where you’ll find a range of Byzantine mosaics, the Campanile bell and, of course, the stunning St. Mark’s Basilica. Few cities can claim such a priceless art and history heritage as Venice. This unique city with its magical, spectacular scenery is not just beautiful; it is a real miracle of creative genius: a city built on mud, sand and the slime of a difficult, inhospitable landscape. 

Archaeological areas of Pompeii, Herculaneum and Torre Annunziata 

 The remains of the ancient Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum buried by the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD. they offer an unparalleled picture of society and daily life in classical antiquity. In 62 AD Pompeii was partially destroyed by an earthquake and while the reconstruction was in progress, on 24 August 79 AD, due to the eruption of Vesuvius, the area of the city and suburban villas was buried under a thick layer of stone, ash and lapilli , unlike Herculaneum which disappeared under the volcanic mud. Since the discovery of the two buried cities, which took place in the eighteenth century, scholars have excavated important architectural evidence.

Torre Annunziata (Oplontis) 

The suburban area of Oplontis, selected Torre Annunziata, suffered the same source of Pompeii and Herculaneum to which it was close a few kilometers. Renowned holiday resort with salt marshes and thermal complexes, in the area they belong to the so-called Villa di Poppea and that of Lucio Crasso Terzo.

Trulli di alberobello

 The trulli are an extraordinary example of man's adaptability and a testimony to how much the incredible resources of ingenuity and the will to live of each being can produce. In a project of human settlement on a territory in which it was forbidden to build, if not precariously, and in which the only abundant material to build was stone, the trulli were the solution identified by the first farmers who came to colonize the ancient forest. Alberobello is the only country in the world born and raised as a country of trulli. The trulli are built directly on the rock, without foundations, with roughly worked blocks of stone resting on each other, without lime to fix them together and then covered by a conical structure of small gray limestone slabs (chianchiarelle, in jargon local). Seemingly similar to each other, in reality they differ both in the design of the plant, which often has niches with different functions, both in the simple motifs painted on the chianche, and in the shape of the chimneys and pinnacles.

Centro storico di Napoli-historic center of Naples 

The origins of the city are highly articulated. Buildings and reconstructions, influences from the Romans to the Byzantines, up to the Normans, the Lombard Gothic, the Renaissance and the contemporary, have made the historic center of the city an incredible stage made of art, history and urban expression over a span of over twenty centuries. A historic center of unparalleled universal value that has exerted a profound influence on much of Europe. Naples is a very ancient city, developed according to a historical path that exposed it to a wide range of cultural influences, which have left their traces in the urban structure of the city, in architecture and monuments.

Piazza del Duomo a Pisa

The square must be considered as a cultural heritage of exceptional universal value considering that the masterpieces it houses are the testimony of the creative spirit of the fourteenth century. These monuments constitute a stage so fundamental in the history of medieval architecture as to become a point of reference in the study of the Pisan Romanesque style. the field of Miracles contains four absolute masterpieces of architecture: the Cathedral, the Baptistery, the Bell Tower, the Camposanto. Inside these monuments there are art treasures famous all over the world such as the bronze and mosaic doors of the cathedral, the pulpits of the baptistery and the cathedral, the frescoes of the Campo Santo and many others. The monumental complex of the Campo dei Miracoli, formed by religious buildings built to perform distinct and specific functions, is an exceptional example of medieval Christian architecture. Two of the main buildings of the Campo dei Miracoli are directly and materially associated with a decisive stage in the history of physics.

Sassi e il Parco delle Chiese Rupestri di Matera

 Matera is one of the oldest cities in the world whose territory holds evidence of human settlements starting from the Palaeolithic period and without interruption to the present day. It represents an extraordinary page written by man through the millennia of this long history. Matera is the city of the Sassi, the original urban nucleus, developed from natural caves carved into the rock and subsequently modeled into increasingly complex structures within two large natural amphitheatres which are the Sasso Caveoso and the Sasso Barisano. The unrepeatable architecture of the Sassi di Matera recounts man's ability to adapt perfectly to the environment and the natural environment, masterfully using simple features such as the constant temperature of the excavated environments, the calcarenite itself of the rocky bank for the construction of the structures above ground and the use of slopes to control water and meteorological phenomena.

 The Royal Palace of the XVIII century in Caserta with the Park, the Vanvitellian Aqueduct and the Complex of San Leucio

 The Royal Palace the monumental complex of Caserta represents the masterpiece of the creative genius of the architect Luigi Vanvitelli, to whom King Charles of Bourbon entrusted in 1750 the realization of what was to become the new capital of the Kingdom of Naples, at the center of which he placed the great palace, symbol of the power and wealth of the Bourbon monarchy; from an architectural point of view, the palace, an admirable example of synthesis between the baroque scenographic traditions and the new neoclassical influences, is an exceptional work that has strongly influenced the urban, architectural and landscape development of the villages and areas neighboring; The Royal Palace includes 1,200 rooms, the square in front, the Park and the English Garden.

The park of the Royal Palace

The park covers about 120 hectares and is one of the largest architectural and monumental complexes in Europe. Designed by Luigi Vanvitelli, it was completed by his son Carlo. Along the axis that started from the palace, there are fountains decorated with mythological sculptures arranged along terraces sloping down towards the plain. The prospect culminates in the "great waterfall" which plunges from a 70-meter jump into the pool of Diana and Actaeon.

Complex of San Leucio

In 1750 Charles III of Bourbon purchased this site where the Real Colonia di San Leucio was founded. The project was part of the corporate idea linked to the production and processing of silk.

The origin of silk production in San Leucio dates back to 1776 with the opening of a small manufacture of silk veils up to the processing, in 1785, of silk stockings. Around the Belvedere Palace, the workers' houses, the rooms for reeling, spinning, silk dyeing and the school were built. The whole village was organized with the "silk square" and the eighteenth-century portal in the center, majestic access to the spinning mill and the neighborhoods with the workers' houses.