Foreign Accent Syndrome

Foreign accent syndrome is a medical condition in which patients develop speech patterns that are perceived as a foreign accent that is different from their native accent, without having acquired it in the perceived accent's place of origin.

Foreign accent syndrome usually results from a stroke, but can also develop from head trauma, migraines or developmental problems. The condition was first reported in 1907, and between 1941 and 2009 there were 62 recorded cases.

Speakers suffering from foreign accent syndrome acquire neither a specific foreign accent nor any additional fluency in a foreign language.

CIPA (Congenital Insensitivity To Pain With Anhidrosis)

Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy is a rare genetic disorder that usually begins in infancy and is characterized by an inability to feel pain and an inability to sweat . 

Affected individuals also cannot feel temperature and cannot distinguish between hot and cold.

The sensory loss in individuals is due to abnormal functioning of the sensory nerves that control responses to pain and temperature.