
A piece of a message transmitted over a packet-switching network. See under packet switching. One of the key features of a packet is that it contains the destination address in addition to the data.
DAta Packet

Local Area Network:
A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that spans a relatively smaller area and consists of a central connection point and connected devices to a network within a specific location. For example, can be found in homes, small offices and local schools.


Wide AREA NEtwork:
A Wide area network (WAN) is a communications network that extends over a large geographical area and that it interconnects multiple LAN networks together. They are mainly established in telecommunication units and in places like large corporations, banks and government networks.

Node:
A node is anything that is connected to the network. While a node is typically a computer, it can also be something like a printer or a CD RAM tower. In a network, a node is a junction or connection point and has a unique address.


MAC Address:

This is the physical address of any device -- such as the NIC in a computer -- on the network. The MAC address, which is made up of two equal parts, is 6 bytes long. The first 3 bytes identify the company that made the NIC. The second 3 bytes are the serial number of the NIC itself.
IP Address:
IP address is short for Internet Protocol (IP) address. An IP address is an identifier for a computer or device on a TCP/IP network. Networks using the TCP/IP protocol route messages based on the IP address of the destination. The format of an IP address is a 32-bit numeric address written as four numbers separated by periods.

Bus Topology:
In Bus Topology, each node is daisy-chained (connected one right after the other) along the same backbone, similar to Christmas lights. Information sent from a node travels along the backbone until it reaches its destination node. Each end of a bus network must be terminated with a resistor to keep the signal that is sent by a node across the network from bouncing back when it reaches the end of the cable.

RIng Topology:
Rings also have the nodes daisy-chained. The difference is that the end of the network comes back around to the first node, creating a complete circuit. In a ring network, each node takes a turn sending and receiving information through the use of a token. The token, along with any data, is sent from the first node to the second node, which extracts the data addressed to it and adds any data it wishes to send. Each packet of data on the network travels in one direction and device receives each packet in turn until the end destination receives it.

Network Token:
A token is a special series of bits that travels around a token-ring network. As the token circulates, computers attached to the network can capture it. The token acts like a ticket, enabling its owner to send a message across the network.There is only one token for each network, so there is no possibility that two computers will attempt to transmit messages at the same time.

Star Toplogy
A star network, each node is connected to a central device called a hub. The hub takes a signal that comes from any node and passes it along to all the other nodes in the network. A hub does not perform any type of filtering or routing of the data. It is simply a junction that joins all the different nodes together.

Tree Topology
A tree topology combines characteristics of linear bus and star topology. It consists of groups of star-configured workstations connected to a linear bus backbone cable. For example, tree topology is frequently used to organize the computers in a corporate network, or the information in a database.

Protocol
An agreed-upon format for transmitting data between two devices. The protocol determines the following: -
- the type of error checking to be used
- data compression method, if any
- how the sending device will indicate that it has finished sending a message
- how the receiving device will indicate that it has received a message

PEER- PEEr Infrastructure
Often referred to simply as peer-to-peer, or abbreviated P2P, a type of network in which each workstation has equivalent capabilities and responsibilities. This differs from client/server architectures, in which some computers are dedicated to serving the others. Peer-to-peer networks are generally simpler, but they usually do not offer the same performance under heavy loads.

Client/Server Architecture
Client-server architecture (client/server) is a network architecture in which each computer or process on the network is either a client or a server.
Servers are powerful computers or processes dedicated to managing disk drives (file servers), printers (print servers), or network traffic (network servers). Clients are PCs or workstations on which users run applications.

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A piece of a message transmitted over a packet-switching network. See under packet switching. One of the key features of a packet is that it contains the destination address in addition to the data.
DAta Packet

Local Area Network:
A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that spans a relatively smaller area and consists of a central connection point and connected devices to a network within a specific location. For example, can be found in homes, small offices and local schools.


Wide AREA NEtwork:
A Wide area network (WAN) is a communications network that extends over a large geographical area and that it interconnects multiple LAN networks together. They are mainly established in telecommunication units and in places like large corporations, banks and government networks.

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