International e-Twinning Project - 2020

Future is in Our Hands

This book is dedicated to an international e-Twinning project called ''Future is in Our Hands''. The aim of the project is based on creating an awareness of climate change for a better future.

• Well, do you think the climate is changing?
• Is there really such a thing? 
• is this a natural process that the world is going through?
• if climate change really exists, is it because of human or other reasons?

WHAT IS CLIMATE CHANGE ?

Team Leaders

Filiz Yılmaz & Fadime Hilal Sevim

Pupils :

SUDE SFL SILA ARGIL

Darius, SGSA ESRA KÜÇÜKSARI YŞEY

Esma GHCAL Ezgi Paal

Emirhan PAAL HAVVA ARGIL

Feyzanur K. Tuğçenur GHCAL

Hello.

We started working on the e-book, this is our latest collaboration. As the project of the students of the future, As the first part, we explained what the concept of climate change means.

You know that climate change is one of the most important problems of our time. What is climate change when you read our book? What are the reasons? What will be the effects? What can be the solutions? ,What can we do? What is the amount of carbon dioxide? What is global warming? You will have information about their subjects. We wish you pleasant reading.

“Climate” is the average of the weather conditions at a particular point on the Earth. Typically, climate is expressed in terms of expected temperature, rainfall and wind conditions based on historical observations. “Climate change” is a change in either the average climate or climate variability that persists over an extended period.

The Earth’s climate has always changed. Changes in the Earth’s orbit, the energy output of the sun, volcanic activity, the geographic distribution of the Earth’s land masses and other internal or external processes can influence climate. Scientists refer to this type of long-term climate change as “natural climate change”.

However, scientific observations and models indicate that the Earth’s climate is now changing due to human activity. This is termed “anthropogenic climate change”.

Human activities, such as burning fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas) to make electricity and power vehicles, clearing forests for farms and cities, and cultivating livestock, release “greenhouse gases” into the atmosphere.

The main greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, halocarbons, and nitrous oxide. 

These gases accumulate in the atmosphere and allow radiation from the sun to pass through but trap some of the heat radiating back from the Earth. This is called the “greenhouse effect” because the principle is similar to a greenhouse, where the glass roof allows sunlight in but traps heat for growing plants.

Over time, the enhanced greenhouse effect results in “global warming” - an increase in the Earth’s average temperature. Global warming is one type of climate change and it drives other changes in the climate, such as changes in rainfall patterns and the frequency and distribution of weather events such as droughts, storms, floods and heat waves.

Although the terms climate change and global warming are often used interchangeably, climate change is a broader term that incorporates both global warming and other observed changes in climate.

Many scientists argue that the impacts of climate change will be devastating for natural and human systems and that climate change poses an existential threat to human civilisation.

CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE

Team Leaders

Artemiz Menekşe & Gamze Aktaş

Pupils :

Çağla PAAL Vanessa

Gökay Ş. Nisanur GHCAL

BERKAY TAYİP YŞEY Aylin Ş.

Berat Paal Mert Burak GHCAL

ROJAT ARGIL Burak GHCAL

There are so many reasons of climate change.Humans are increasingly influencing the climate and the earth's temperature by burning fossil fuels, cutting down rainforests and farming livestock.

This adds enormous amounts of greenhouse gases to those naturally occurring in the atmosphere, increasing the greenhouse effect and global warming.

Greenhouses are structures with glass and nylon walls and ceilings that people use for their agricultural activities. The interior of the greenhouses is warm even in winter because the sun is heating the plants and the air in the rays while the heat is maintained inside the glass and cannot go out. Thus, during the day, greenhouses, which get warmer during the hours of sunlight, can stay warm at night. If there were no greenhouse gases, our world would be an ice-covered desert.

In the past centuries, people have used a lot of coal, oil and gasoline in factories, cars, planes and trains. Consumption of these fossil fuels causes carbon dioxide emissions. The mixing of so much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere of the world also increases the temperature of the world. Likewise, if we continue to produce carbon dioxide, our world will get warmer day by day.

Chemical pollution is artificial harmful substances that do not naturally exist in the environment or affect nature and all living organisms living in nature. Most of the chemicals polluting the environment are man-made due to many activities where toxic chemicals are used for various purposes. Chemical poisoning people think they don't have their own products. In this case, it prevents people from realizing this vital problem.

Chemical poisonings are caused by exposure to chemical pollutants and can cause a momentary effect or delayed effects that will appear weeks or months after exposure. Severe chemical poisoning can even cause people to die. People don't care about this. Because this is one of the heaviest poisons that gradually enter our bodies. When the whole world realizes this situation, we are trying to make it not too late. Chemical components are organic or inorganic chemicals, which are the main causes of chemical pollution. 

In short;Climate change is happening because of us. Human activities are releasing excessive amounts of greenhouse gases into our atmosphere.

Humanity’s increased use of fossil fuels – such as coal, oil and gas to generate electricity, run cars and other forms of transport, and power manufacturing and industry

Deforestation – because living trees absorb and store carbon dioxide

Increasingly intensive agriculture – which emits greenhouse gases like methane and nitrous oxide

EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGES

Team Leaders

Emine Türelik & Deniz Emine Er

Pupils:

Emirhan ŞEYMTAL Oliver

ECEM PKAL Nurullah Ö.

MUSTAFA ŞDÖAL NİSA ŞDÖAL

SÜMEYYE PKAL Anamaria SGSA

Fidan D. Ayşe ŞEYMTAL

This is third part of our e-book.This part students explained effects of climate changes under the guidance of Deniz and Emine teacher.

  Climate change; The change in precipitation regime causes adverse effects such as temperature increase, drought, natural disasters. All these negative effects pose a significant threat to productivity and growth rates in agriculture.

    Agricultural activities are largely based on climate. The increase in temperature and CO2 level may increase crop yield in some places.

 Climate change can make it difficult to grow the same crops at the same locations as we did in the past

Climate change causes a variety of physical impacts on the climate system. The physical impacts of climate change foremost include globally rising temperatures of the lower atmosphere, the land, and oceans. Temperature rise is not uniform, with land masses and the Arctic region warming faster than the global average. Effects on weather encompass increased heavy precipitation, reduced amounts of cold days, increase in heat waves and various effects on tropical cyclones.

 The enhanced greenhouse effect causes the higher part of the atmosphere, the stratosphere, to cool. Geochemical cycles are also impacted, with absorption of CO2 causing ocean acidification, and rising ocean water decreasing the ocean's ability to absorb further carbon dioxide. Annual snow cover has decreased, sea ice is declining and widespread melting of glaciers is underway.

DANGERS OF GLOBAL WARMING

Team Leaders

Şebnem Sarıhan & Sebastian Jacob

Pupils:

Zozan Ö. Lea

Silva B. Efe SFL

DERYA SFL MERVE PKAL

Beratt PAAL EMRE ŞDÖAL

Dragos SGSA İSMAİL ŞDÖAL

In this 4th part as the group students, we explained the dangers of global warming under the guidance of our group leaders.

The effects of global warming or climate damage include far-reaching and long-lasting changes to the natural environment, to ecosystem and human societies caused directly or indirectly by human emissions of greenhouse gases. It also includes the economic and social changes which stem from living in a warmer world.

Many physical impacts of global warming are already visible, including extreme weather events, glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), sea level rise, and declines in Arctic sea lines extent.. Ocean acidification is not a consequence of global warming, but instead has the same cause: increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide.

When fossil fuels are burned, many gases are released. Of these gases,fluorochlorohyd rocarbone, and other trace gases, especially carbon dioxide, are gases that cause greenhouse effect. The Earth is warming as a result of the accumulation of these gases in the atmosphere. In principle, light rays from the sun, hitting the Earth's surface and returning back to the atmosphere, but the increase in carbon dioxide gas, the return of light rays from the sun to our earth to the atmosphere prevents and causes these light rays to return to the Earth.

Higher temperatures are worsening many types of disasters, including storms, heat waves, floods, and droughts. A warmer climate creates an atmosphere that can collect, retain, and drop more water, changing weather patterns in such a way that wet areas become wetter and dry areas drier.

WHAT CAN WE DO TO REDUCE THE CLIMATE CHANGE ?

Team Leaders

Sema Yaylaçeşme Diken & Eleonara Burnetto

Pupils:

Mihaela SGSA ARDA PKAL

Enis PAAL Emre ŞEYMTAL

Sude Paal Beyzanur D.

Cihan M. Ali Paal

MELİKE SFL Lisa

As the fifth team's students , we paid attention to the question '' What can we do to reduce the climate change? ''. With the guidance of team leaders, we underlined the importance of the climate change and took consideration into precautions to reduce the climate change.