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Once Upon a time in a land much different than our 

own, there was a land with corrupted economic, 

social, and political values. The people of this land 

had succumbed to the brutal circumstances of their 

world... 

UNTIL ONE ERA...

6 important theorists built the foundation upon which 

our societal, economic, and political beliefs and 

values have transformed.

These 6 theorists were...

Thomas Hobbes 1599-1679

This English Theorist believed that 

individuals should give up   all of their 

freedom to one person who was 

responsible for their security. Hobbes 

believed that if everyone is free, 

everyone is in danger, and that if their is 

war, there is no society.   Hobbes grew 

up during the English Civil War, fueled 

by people wanting freedom and hurting 

anyone that got in their way. Wow, 

these events must have really influenced 

Hobbes' ideology and perspective. 

John Locke 1632-1704

This English Theorist believed that 

humans are rational, intelligent and 

reasonable, can make their own 

decisions and do not need someone 

telling them what to do. He 

believed that the source of power 

was with the people, so any 

decisions that were made by the 

government needed to be approved 

by consent of the people. During 

this time, people believed that their 

King was chosen by God and 

therefore did whatever the King 

asked of them. 

Jean-Jacques Rousseau 1712-1778

This Swiss Theorist believed that 

humans are inherently good, free 

and equal, BUT he also believed 

that people become selfish and let 

the opinion of others dictate their 

happiness. Therefore, he believe 

that allowing people to own private 

property caused jealousy.   During 

his time in France, he 

acknowledged the strict   societal 

differences between the classes of 

people which influenced his ideals 

because he witnessed the ugliness 

of jealousy. 

Baron de Montesquieu 1689-1759

This French Theorist believed in the 

equality and power of individuals, 

and the responsibility of the 

government. He had the theory of 

dividing the government into three 

separate powers - a judicial 

branch, an executive branch and a 

legislative branch. This established 

the building blocks of democracy; 

that different branches would not 

exceed eachother's power. 

Adam Smith 1723-1790

This Scottish Theorist believed 

that if people worked in their own 

self interest it would lead to a 

stronger economy and would 

benefit the common good. He 

believed in less government 

control in the economy, but still 

allowing the government to 

maintain rule of law. Smith 

developed the theory of the 

Invisible Hand, which entails 

pursuing ones self interest in 

order to provide cheaper products 

and more job opportunities for 

other people. 

John Stuart Mill 1806-1873

This English Theorist 

believed that the power of 

society resides with the 

people. He believed that 

the only limitations that 

should be placed on people 

is those that protect the 

well being of others; people 

should be able to act 

however they want, as long 

as it doesn't harm anyone 

else. 

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