Part one: The planet

What is a super habitable planet in the first place? They are planets that are the most habitable planets out there, even more habitable than Earth. Now, this might seem impossible for a planet to be more habitable than Earth, but in reality it just seems like that because we live on earth. You see, since we live on Earth and there is so much other life living on Earth, so it just seems like there couldn't be a more habitable planet. Now, let's actually discuss what a habitable planet really is. Okay, so let's discuss what a habitable planet is. Habitable planets would have a mass of 2 Earths and a radii of 1.3 . Now, in this case, mass isn't how large a planet is, but rather how much material it has. The way I'm talking about it, a 100 pound bolder would be more massive than a 50 pound bolder. The reason it would have more mass than Earth is because it could retain a thicker atmosphere. A thicker atmosphere would be better for life because it causes more wind to move the water around. The more water movement there is, it can cause water temperatures to be more even around the planet, so there would be less tundra.

Tundra is worse for life because it causes chemical reactions to happen slower. Slower chemical reactions in an organism would cause life to evolve slower, causing there to be less species. A super habitable planet should have as many species as possible, so there shouldn't be tundra. It also can protect planets from ultraviolet radiation, which is the radiation that can cause sun burns, it also is the radiation that can cause skin cancer. Skin cancer can end up causing more serious cancer, which can be deadly, so it can cause species to be wiped out and life hard to develop out of the ocean. A thicker atmosphere can also help a planet to be warmer without toxic green house gases. The average temperature on a super habitable planet should be around 77 degrees Fahrenheit. Super habitable planets should be around that temperature because it can help the water cycle happen faster. It can also cause more storms, which is useful because it can stir around vitamins and minerals. A higher temperature can also help there be less tundra, and can speed up chemical reactions. All of that can help there be faster evolution which means more species.

There should also be more water because life can develop faster in the water. It can also help life develop enough so that it doesn't die when it reaches land. A thick atmosphere can also help with more water because the pressure will retain more water. Land is also important because land can wash away minerals to the sea and also help planets to grow, allowing there to be more oxygen in the atmosphere. A mass of 2 and a radii of 1.3 Earths is also a key factor because it can help plate tectonics, a process that causes Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. These tectonic events can help recycle minerals and gases and also put more minerals into the crust of the planet. The crust of a planet could be thought of as a pizza. A pizza has the crust, which in this case represents the rocky outer layer of a planet. The sauce of the pizza could be thought of like the mantle, where lava is located. The core of the planet could be thought of like where you slice the pizza in the middle. Now, let's go back to the planet. Super habitable planets should have more oxygen, which allows more complex life to develop. 

A super habitable planet should also have a larger moon because it can help with tides and the magnetic field. A magnetic field is a field made out of electrons that can protect a planet from ultraviolet radiation. Tides are also important because tides can help the mineral cycle. The mineral cycle is the circling of minerals from the ocean onto land and then the rain washing the minerals back into the ocean and so on. There should also be around the same land to ocean ratio, though there should be more islands and no continents. Large continents can cause deserts, which are bad for life because it is hard for life to develop. The atmosphere should be somewhat denser than Earth's and with a higher concentration of oxygen. That will make life larger and more abundant. Also, there probably will not be icecaps because the denser atmosphere will cause temperatures to be more even. However, because of the increased air density, precipitation, and temperature would cause vegetation. A super habitable world would also have a higher concentration of clouds, and abundant rainfall. 

Super habitable planets should also have an oxygen concentration of 25%-35% oxygen. Though, the most ideal is 35% oxygen. However, if the oxygen amount is too high, it can cause plants to not be able to develop because the amount of CO2 would not be enough. However, too much carbon dioxide can cause the planet to be extremely hot because CO2 is a green house gas. Green house gases are gases that trap heat like this: carbon dioxide (CO2 is another name for carbon dioxide) when the light of the star bounces off of the surface of the planet, green house gases can reflect more heat back to the surface, thus heating it up. The ocean of the planet absorbs a lot of the heat creating water vapor, an even more powerful green house gas. The process can start happening more and more until it causes a run away green house effect, where the green house effect can go into an uncontrollable cycle that heats up the planet more and more until it's a boiling death planet. That's why you can't have too much CO2 and other green house gases.

However, the planet should be in the middle habitable zone (the zone around the star where water can be liquid, not frozen if it is too far away and too hot if it's too close.) Earth is near the inner edge of the habitable zone, so a super habitable planet should have a little more green house gas than Earth because it would be farther in the habitable zone. A thicker atmosphere can also hold more heat in. Like we mentioned earlier in the book, a larger mass for a planet already will make the planet have a thicker atmosphere. Also, the planet should have a hotter core than Earth. A hotter core means that there would be a stronger magnetic field. A stronger magnetic field would help because it deflects ultraviolet radiation, causing less sun burns and skin cancer.

                                 Part two: the star

A star for a super habitable planet should be smaller than our sun because the sun doesn't live too terribly long. Only ten billion years. Now, this seems like a very high amount of time, but some stars live ten thousand times longer! That's ten trillion years. However, those very-long living stars are called red dwarfs. Red dwarfs have massive solar flares. Solar flares are massive jets of energy and subatomic particles. Red dwarfs have a very high amount of powerful solar flares, which can slowly rip away a planet's atmosphere. If a planet has no atmosphere, the water will boil away and all life will also suffocate. Anyway, the star should probably be an orange dwarf star. Orange dwarf stars are good for a super habitable planet because they can live longer than a yellow dwarf star, though the star wouldn't have solar flares. However, some red dwarf stars are less active (less active in this case means that the star doesn't have as many solar flares) as other red dwarf stars, though the planet could become tidally locked. Tidally locked means that one face of the planet faces the star forever, while the other star faces space forever.

That can be bad because the side facing the star gets backed, while the other side facing space freezes to death. However, a planet could develop winds between the two sides because the temperatures try to balance each other out. A zone could develop where temperatures could support life, though that planet could probably not be super habitable. So, in other words, the star should be from a medium-sized orange dwarf to a large red dwarf that isn't too active. Orange dwarfs are also called K-type stars. A K-type star is the scientific term for an orange dwarf star. An M-type star is the scientific storm for a red dwarf  star. There is a scientific term for all types of stars. Anyway, when I say how long a star lives, I'm talking about how long it stays in the main sequence. The main sequence is how long a star stays at normal temperatures and sizes. After the main sequence, a star will run out of hydrogen to use as fuel. After the hydrogen stage, it uses helium, the element that it makes after it uses hydrogen as fuel.

The star burns through the helium much faster creating a heavier element which burns faster, and the process will go on until the star can't use the element to make fuel, so the star shrinks down and turns into a white dwarf, a star that is extremely dense and has a lot of heat until it cools down into a black dwarf which is the same thing except it has no heat. Anyway, since the star for a super habitable planet is an orange dwarf is, well, orange, it makes the leaves red. The reason for that is because orange is one step down from yellow, (our star is yellow) it makes the plant red because light that is one or two etc. will have less energy. Plants become a deeper color because it reflects less energy so the plant can still produce a sufficient amount of energy. In other words, a super habitable planet would have red plants. Also, orange dwarf stars emit little enough ultraviolet radiation that, if the magnetic field was a little bit stronger than Earth's magnetic field, than the planet wouldn't require and ozone layer, though it probably should because it would have less ultraviolet radiation to cause sun burns and skin cancer than Earth.