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All over the world, there are a lot of problems concerning environment. Nature as well as animals are suffering. If we try to preserve them every day, with simple things and good actions, the world around us will get better. First of all, we should reduce emissions and advance adaptation and climate resilience!

CONTENT

TEAM 1

        Climate is the long-term pattern of weather in a particular area. Weather can change from hour-to-hour, day-to-day, month-to-month or even year-to-year. A region’s weather patterns, usually tracked for at least 30 years, are considered its climate.

    Climate is determined by a region’s climate system. A climate system has five major components: the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the land surface, and the biosphere.

TEAM 1

            The enormous variety of life on Earth is largely due to the variety of climates that exist and the climate changes that have occurred in the past.
          Climate has influenced the development of cultures and civilizations. People everywhere have adapted in various ways to the climates in which they live.   

Humid Climates: 

Covers regions with temperatures above 18°C on average throughout the year and where the precipitation lifetime is more than 60 mm at any time of the year. This type of climate generally includes equatorial, tropical, subtropical, humid continental, humid temperate and oceanic climates.

TEAM 2

Arid Climates: 

This type of climate is protective of nests where there is little to no annual precipitation and therefore the vegetation is sparse. Near and semi-hidden areas are usually seen.

Monsoon Climates: 

    This type of climate includes regions with a dry period (winter) and a rainy period (summer). This type of climate is generally seen in South and Southeast Asia. 

Polar Climates:

        This type of climate is protective of its nests where temperatures and precipitation are low throughout the year. This type of climate occurs in arctic enclosures and high mountains.

TEAM 2

TEAM 2

Mountainous Climates: 

    This type of climate is seen at high altitudes and the amount of temperature and temperature varies depending on the altitude. This type of climate is seen in the west, especially on the slopes of high mountains.

TEAM 3

    Burning fossil fuels generates greenhouse gas emissions that act like a blanket wrapped around the Earth, trapping the sun’s heat and raising temperatures.

TEAM 3

     Examples of greenhouse gas emissions that are causing climate change include carbon dioxide and methane. These come from using gasoline for driving a car or coal for heating a building, for example. Clearing land and forests can also release carbon dioxide. Landfills for garbage are a major source of methane emissions. Energy, industry, transport, buildings, agriculture and land use are among the main emitters.

TEAM 3

TEAM 3

           Briefly, climate change; We can explain it as the increase in the greenhouse gases holding the heat in the atmosphere, the rise in average temperatures and the resulting unexpected changes in the climate.

     The climate on Earth has been changing since it formed 4.5 billion years ago. Until recently, natural factors have been the cause of these changes. Natural influences on the climate include volcanic eruptions, changes in the orbit of the Earth, and shifts in the Earth's crust (known as plate tectonics).

       Over the past one million years, the Earth has experienced a series of ice ages, including cooler periods (glacials) and warmer periods (interglacials). Glacial and interglacial periods cycle roughly every 100,000 years, caused by changes in Earth's orbit around the sun. For the past few thousand years, Earth has been in an interglacial period with a constant temperature.

    However, since the Industrial Revolution in the 1800s, the global temperature has increased at a much faster rate. By burning fossil fuels and changing how we use the land, human activity has quickly become the leading cause of changes to our climate.

Human causes of climate change

     Humans cause climate change by releasing carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the air. Today, there is more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere than there ever has been in at least the past 2 million years. During the 20th and 21st century, the level of carbon dioxide rose by 40%.                                                                                                                        TEAM 4

TEAM 4

We produce greenhouse gases in lots of different ways:

• Burning fossil fuels – Fossil fuels such as oil, gas, and coal contain carbon dioxide that has been 'locked away' in the ground for thousands of years. When we take these out of the land and burn them, we release the stored carbon dioxide into the air.

• Deforestation – Forests remove and store carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Cutting them down means that carbon dioxide builds up quicker since there are no trees to absorb it. Not only that, trees release the carbon they stored when we burn them.

• Agriculture – Planting crops and rearing animals releases many different types of greenhouse gases into the air. For example, animals produce methane, which is 30 times more powerful than carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas. The nitrous oxide used for fertilisers is ten times worse and is nearly 300 times more potent than carbon dioxide!

• Cement – Producing cement is another contributor to climate change, causing 2% of our entire carbon dioxide emissions.

Natural forcings that can contribute to climate change include:

• Solar irradiance – Changing energy from the sun has affected the temperature of Earth in the past. However, we have not seen anything strong enough to change our climate. Any increase in solar energy would make the entire atmosphere of Earth warm, but we can only see warming in the bottom layer.                                                                                                                                    

                                                                                                                                                                   TEAM 4    

TEAM 4

• Volcanic eruptions – Volcanoes have a mixed effect on our climate. Eruptions produce aerosol particles that cool Earth, but they also release carbon dioxide, which warms it. Volcanoes produce 50 times less carbon dioxide than humans do, so we know they are not the leading cause of global warming. On top of this, cooling is the dominant effect of volcanic eruptions, not warming.

Are humans responsible for climate change?

       When looking at all the evidence, there is a large scientific consensus that humans are the leading cause of climate change. In their latest report, the Intergovernmental Panel on   Climate Change stated unequivocally that human activity is the cause of global warming.

     Natural climate cycles can change the temperature of Earth, but the changes we are seeing are happening at a scale and speed that natural cycles cannot explain. These cycles affect the global temperature for years, or sometimes just months, not the 100 years that we have observed. Meanwhile, longer-term changes like Milankovitch cycles and solar irradiance take thousands and thousands of years.

      There are lots of things that affect climate change, but the evidence is irrefutable. Human activity, such as burning fossil fuels and changing how we use the land, is the leading cause of climate change.                                                                                                      TEAM 4

What are the consequences of climate change?

      Climate change affects the physical environment, ecosystems and human societies. Changes in the climate system include an overall warming trend, more extreme weather and rising sea levels. These in turn impact nature and wildlife, as well as human settlements and societies. The effects of human-caused climate change are broad and far-reaching, especially if significant climate action is not taken.

     Recent warming has strongly affected natural biological systems. It has degraded land by raising temperatures, drying soils and increasing wildfire risk. Species worldwide are migrating poleward to colder areas. 

TEAM 5