Content 1. Meet and greet people

Sub contents:

1.1.1 Formal and informal greeting

1.1.2 Verb to be

Content 2.   Talking about jobs and activities

Sub content:

2.11 Jobs 

2.1.2 Simple present 

Content 3.  Finding lost personal objects.

Sub Content 

3.11Demonstrative pronouns

3.1.2Possessive adjectives

                 Block 1 topics

           VOCABULARY 

- Pleased to meet you.

Example. Hello Carlos, nice to meet you. We can use this expression when we meet someone for the first time.

- How are you? Example, hello Carlos, nice to meet you, how are you? We use this expression to ask how this person is feeling.

Lawyer/ Lawyers : Person who defends rights and enforces the law

Example.  My lawyer got me a good deal

- Habit/Habits,: Behavior that is carried out regularly

Example. I shower every night 

- Possesive Adjetive 

Is a word belonging to one of the major form classes in any of numerous languages and typically serving as a modifier of a noun to denote a quality of the thing named

- My:It is a possessive adjective and is always used for the pronoun I..   It is used for singular or plural nouns.  It is used for a girl or a man.

 Example > My dog is black.

- Their:  It is used when the subject is they. It is used for people, animals, or things. It is used for plural or singular nouns.

Example > The boys have their own apartment.

- Our:   It is used when the subject is we. It is used with singular or plural nouns.

Example> Our dogs aren’t dangerous.

Gramatical point

Verbo To be

Usually, the verb to be as main verb can be used to describe a person, object, quality, job or activity, country, or to indicate a permanent or even temporary state.

Example 

This verb is used frequently in English, so it is essential to understand its different forms. It allows us to speak and communicate using simple and easy phrases.

The verb to be is used either with singular and plural nouns and pronouns.

Example

Singular 

- I am at home.

- You are my favorite soccer player.

- She/He is Good at math

- It is a good day

  Example 

   Plural

- We are musicians. 

- You are singers.

- They are from El Salvador.

Sentences with the verb to be.

- Positive sentences structure

Subject + verb to be + complement

Example 

The verb to be has three forms: Positive            Negative             Interrogative

-  Negative  sentences structure

 - Interrogative sentences structure

Important

We typically respond to yes/no questions with a 

short answer.

Are you Spanish? Yes I am. No, yes, I am.

Don't use contractions with (+) short answers

    SIMPLE PRESENT 

    SIMPLE PRESENT (+) & (-) 

1- THE INFINITIVE, USED FOR I/YOU/WE/THEY

2- THE INFINITIVE + S USED FOR HE/SHE/IT

In English, the present simple is used to describe an activity that is real, regular, or habitual.

Use of the simple present 

There are 3 main uses of the simple present tense as follows:

We use it to make it known that an action is routine.

    Examples:

For daily routines or habit

The Simple Present is also used to indicate that the speaker believes something was true, is true now, and will be true in the future.

Examples:

- My best friend is from El Salvador. 

- He doesn’t like pizza. 

- San Salvador is the capital of El Salvador.

For things which are 

      generally true

Sometimes the simple Present is used to discuss upcoming activities scheduled for the near future.

Scheduled events in the 

          near future

Examples:

- The bus leaves tonight at 6 PM.

- When do we board the plane?

- The party starts at 8 o'clock

Structure for writing sentences

To write sentences correctly in the present simple, it is important that you follow the correct structure.

Structure for writing sentences

    THIRD PERSON SINGULAR: SHE,HE AND IT + S 

There are a couple of things to keep in mind when using the present simple, especially when using the third person singular in the affirmative form, and that is that we add s to almost all verbs, there are some exceptions that we will see later

Example

Why don't we add S to the second example?

To add the s, three important aspects must be met.

1. Simple present

2. Third person

3. Affirmative

In the example it is a negative sentence, that is why we do not add S

SPELLING RULES 

When we have verbs with these endings, it is essential to apply these rules.

Grammatical Point 

Demonstrative pronouns

Depending on how close or far the object they are referring to is from the speaker or the listener, demonstrative pronouns can change. There are four main demonstrative pronouns in the English language as follows

In English, demonstrative pronouns are a particular kind of pronoun that are used to identify individuals, objects, or even conceptions. They help to clarify and identify specific words or noun phrases being discussed.

Use and meaning of demonstrative pronouns

This (Este/ esta) 

It means this or this, and is used when talking about something or someone close to you.

Example.  This is my apple. 

That (Esa/ Ese, Aquel/ aquella)

It means, , that one, that one and is used when talking about something or someone who is far away.

Example:  That is my apple 

Both are used for the singular

These (Estos/ Estas)

It is the plural of this, and is used when talking about two or more things that are close to you.

Example: These are my apple

Those (Aquellos/ Aquellas)

It is the plural of that, it is used when you talk about two or more things that are far from you.

Example: Those are my apple 

Both are used for the plural.

 M. Hello Keiller, how are you?

                                                                                                     K. Hello Misael. I'm good and you?

M. I'm fine, it's a pleasure to see you again.

                                                                                                    K. It's also a pleasure to see you

M. What do you do?

                                                                                                    K. I am an engineer and you?

M I am an actor

                                                                                                   k. Brilliant

M. Where do you work?

                                                                                                    K. I work in a nuclear plant and you?

 M. I work at Disney Land.

                                                                                                    K. Your work is excellent Misael.

M. Yes it is, I will work every day from 7 

am to 5 pm.

                                                                                                    k. Great, are you married to Misael?

M. Yes, I am married and I have a daughter, 

she is very beautiful and she wants to be a

 lawyer.

                                                                                              K. She is incredible, she is just like your Misael.

Dialogue

M. Thank you. That one in the gray car is my daughter, look at her and this is our dog, who is very dangerous.

                                                                                                                       k. You are doing very well in life.

M. I can't complain, can you? Do you have family?

                    K. No, I don't have a family, I'm always working at the plant and in my businesses.

M. That's good.

M. Do you have many businesses?

                      K. Yes I have three. Look those are my employee, they are very good at their jobs.

M. I'm proud of you friend.

                                                                           K. Well, it was nice seeing you, but I have to go to work.

                                                                             K. Take care.

M, I will call you on the phone and visit you more often. Bye

Contend

 1. The weather and activities

       1.1. Definition

       1.2. Structures and uses.

       1.3. Vocabulary

       1.4. Dialogue

2. Frequency adverbs 

       2.1. Definition

       2.2. Use 

       2.3. example

3. Using expression about weather

       3.1. Idioms and dialogue

Block 2

Weather in English is a neutral element, so it will always be referred to as IT. The most common uses of the present continuous and the present perfect continuous. Because the first allows you to report on the weather that is happening now while, with the second, it indicates the time it has been happening.

Difference between the words "weather", "climate" or "temperature".

The word "weather" is used to describe the state of the atmosphere in terms of wind, temperature, humidity, etc.

For example: “The weather outside is nice.”

• The word "climate" is used to describe the general weather of a particular region. For example: “The UK has a temperate climate.”

• The word "temperature" is used to describe how hot or cold it is, and is measured in degrees (Celsius or Fahrenheit, depending on the country). For example: “The temperature is 30 degrees Celsius”.  

The weather and activities

Three sentence structures can be used to talk about the weather in the present tense:

•   It is + adjective:

       It is snowy. It is rainy.

•    It is + verb-ing:

      It is snowing. It is raining.

•    There is a + noun: There is a storm. 

      There is a drought.

To talk about the weather in the past, the same sentence structures will be used but you will put the verb "to be" in the past (except the present perfect), for example:

•    It was rainy yesterday.

•    There was a storm yesterday.

You can also ask short questions (yes or no answers). In this case, the composition is modified to remain as follows:

Is + it + ADJETIVO + today?

To ask about the weather, a word that is also used to describe people comes in here: LIKE. Because this preposition is used when you want to know what something (or someone) is like.

What + is + the weather + like + today?

Good weather:  

Rainbow--Arco iris

Clear sky--Cielo despejado

Bright sky--Cielo brillante

Sun-kissed--Cálido y soleado

Sun-drenched--Bañado por el sol

   Vocabulary

Rainy weater 

Shower--Chubascos

Drizzle--Llovizna

Floods--Inundaciones

A spell of rain--Una quincena de lluvia, pero sin parar

Cats and dogs--A cántaros

To pour--diluviar

Downpour--Aguacero, chaparrón

           Seasons:

   Spring--Primavera

    Summer--Verano

 Autumn/Fall--Otoño

     Winter--Invierno

Cloudy  weather:

Dark clouds--Nubes negras

Partly cloudy--Parcialmente nublado

Overcast--Nublado

Foggy--Brumoso

Gloomy--Sombrío

Bad weather: 

Thunder--Trueno

Lightning--Relámpago

Monsoon--Monzón

Typhoon--Tifón

Tornado / Twister--Tornado

Hurricane--Huracán

Cold weather:

Ice--Hielo

Blizzard--Tormenta de nieve

Hail--Granizo

Sleet--Aguanieve

Snowflake--Copo de nieve

Freezing--Mucho frío

Frostbite--Congelación de partes del cuerpo

Yes girl Margarita, and in the United States where your children live it must be even colder!!

Hello, good morning, Don Mario?

Well, thank God, it has been raining so hard and the atmosphere is very cold.

Yes Don Mario is right, I have been talking to them and they tell me that they have to wear two or more coats, boots and scarves to be able to go out to work. But it's almost time for winter to end, today the weather is very unpredictable and the months when summer begins are already close.

Hello, good morning girl Margarita, how was your day?

Yes, with this cold it makes you want to just have bread with coffee or a cup of chocolate

Yes, I am waiting for that date because this year's harvest was bad because it did not rain during the winter planting months.

It is true Don Mario and the entire basic basket increased. But first God this year the weather will be better

Well, it's been a pleasure talking to you.

Goodbye 

Thank you anyway, nice to meet you, happy day, Don Mario.

-Goodbye Don Mario

Adverbs of frequency are those that modify or qualify the meaning of a sentence by indicating the frequency in which something occurs. Adverbs of frequency, whether they are definite or indefinite, always express how frequently something happens. Adverbs like "weekly," "daily," or "yearly" indicate a specific regularity.

Examples of adverbs that describe indefinite frequency are occasionally, sometimes, and rarely; they do not indicate a specific time range.

First, let’s define adverbs: words that change verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs are called adverbs. They are intended to convey information about manner, place, time, frequency, and degree.

Frequency adverbs are most used in the simple present because they express.

occurrence and repetition which is a characteristic of the simple present tense.

Adverbs of indefinite frequency

These are also known as Adverbs of Indefinite frequency as the exact frequency is not defined.

 Frequency adverbs

Some people pronounce the 'T' in often but many others do not.

These are also known as Adverbs of indefinite frequency as the exact frequency is not defined.

¿Como se utilized?

An adverb of frequency goes before a main verb (except with To Be).

Subject + adverb + main verb.

I always remember to do my homework.

He normally gets good marks in exams.

An adverb of frequency goes after the verb To Be.

Subject + to be + adverb.

They are never pleased to see me.

She isn't usually bad tempered.

we use an auxiliary verb (have, when will, must, might, could, would, can, etc.), the adverb is placed between the auxiliary and the main verb. This is also true for to be.

Subject + auxiliary + adverb + main verb.

She can sometimes beat me in a race.

I would hardly ever be unkind to someone.

They might never see each other again.

They could occasionally be heard laughing.

- We can also use the following adverbs at the start of a sentence:

   Usually, normally, often, frequently, sometimes, occasionally

 - BUT we cannot use the following at the beginning of a sentence:

   Always, seldom, rarely, hardly, ever, never.

- We use hardly ever and never with positive, not negative verbs:

 -  We use ever in questions and negative statements:

    Have you ever been to New Zealand?

- We use “How often…?” to ask (utilized «How often…»to ask how often you do something

• How often do they watch TV? They watch TV every evening.

• How often do you go swimming? I go swimming once a week.

How to correctly use adverbs of frequency

Frequency adverbs are generally used with the present simple, since they serve to describe a general truth, a habit of the subject.

In what cases they cannot be used

Keep in mind that adverbs that indicate a negative idea (never, rarely, rarely...) cannot be used in a negative or interrogative sentence.

The adverbs of frequency often, usually, normally, sometimes and occasionally can be placed at the beginning of a sentence.

• Usually I wake up at 5. = I usually wake up at 5. I usually wake up at 5.

• Occasionally we meet for coffee. =We occasionally meet for coffee. From time to time we have coffee together.

They can also be placed at the end of a sentence.

• I go there sometimes. = I sometimes go there. Sometimes I go there.

Some adverbs such as regularly, frequently or constantly can also be placed at the end of the phrase. They usually have the ending -ly.

• I play the piano regularly. I play the piano regularly.

• I have exercices frequently. He exercises frequently.

However, the adverbs always, rarely and rarely can never be used at the end of a sentence.

• I play the piano rarely. -> I rarely play the piano. I rarely play the piano.

Adverbs of definite frequency

Let us now look at the case of adverbs of definite

frequency. Unlike their indefinite counterparts, they are usually placed at the end of the sentence, sometimes at the beginning, but never in the middle (for example, between the subject and the verb).

As their name suggests, they are used to give a specific frequency, while indefinite adverbs are more flexible. Here, the expected question will begin with how often or how many times.

How often / How many times a day do you brush your teeth? -> I brush my teeth three times a day.

Adverbio

Daily--Diario

Weekly--Semanal

Fortnightly--Cada quince días / quincena

Monthly--Mensualmente

Yearly / annually--Anualmente

Every hour / day / month…--Cada hora / día / mes…

Once / twice…--Una vez, dos veces…

Once in a while, once in a lifetime…--De vez en cuando, una vez en la vida…

Once a day, once a week, once a month...--Una vez al día, una vez a la semana, una vez al mes…

All the time--Todo el tiempo

examples.

• I exercise daily. I exercise every day.

• Robert goes to the zoo once in a while. Robert goes to the zoo from time to time.

It is even possible to combine definite and indefinite adverbs.

• She usually goes swimming once a month. She usually goes swimming once a month.

Keep in mind that there are many expressions for “from time to time”: once in a while, every once in a while, every so often, from time to time, now and then…

Using expression about weather

Using expressions about weather

Weather is a common topic of conversation in everyday English. 

Common questions and answers:

Expressions, idioms or idioms are defined because they cannot be understood according to their literal meaning; they are metaphorical expressions. An example - of this is found in the expressions about the seasons of the year.

- Having for years means having for years,

- while being in the autumn of life means being in middle age, 

If we talk about climatology, we can observe some expressions used to talk about the weather and others that, despite being formed through the lexicon of this field, are applied to other types of situations. 

- Among the first, we highlight constructions such as raining in buckets (raining a lot), 

- Making a freezing cold (being very cold), 

- Making a heat of hell (being very hot), 

- Making a sun of justice (being very sunny) 

- Or making a dog day (make a very bad day).

The second type is more interesting and fun, many of them related to rain. For example, brainstorming for a project means proposing all the ideas that come to mind without any filter, so as not to rule out anything at first. 

On the other hand, raining on wet means not having an effect on something, since nothing new is contributed. Finally, the expression endure the downpour means to endure in a bad situation.

Vocabulary:

Gets

Goes frequency.

Laugh

DIALOGUE

Hello son, good morning, have you done this week's homework?

- No mom I'll do it later,

Son, it's better to do it before and you'll be calm afterwards.

- Mom I still have all day

Then you are going to endure the downpour (resist in a bad situation).    

Block 3

Contend

1-Identifying items at the shopping mall

    1.1-Departments or stores

    1.2-Vocabulary

    1.3-Simple present vs Present continuous

 2-Shopping for clothes

    2.1-Vocabulary

3-Offering help

    3.1-Vocabulary

    3.2-Modal auxiliary verb “CAN”

4-DIALOGUE

Identifying items at the shopping mall

Shopping is an activity that almost all of us love, because who wouldn't like to show off a new coat during the winter? Or maybe you are traveling and want to look a little in the style of the country where you are? We will always have a good reason to go shopping. A critical skill that helps people find and buy the products they need or want is the ability to identify items in the mall. Being able to recognize things quickly can make your shopping experience more effective and enjoyable, regardless of whether you're just running errands or taking your time.

Some of the different departments or stores that you can find in the shopping center 

Vocabulary

It is common that when we enter a store, we look at the prices of the products we want to buy. This is because prices do not always fit our budget and wouldn't it be great to get a good discount on our favorite products?

Let's look at some words:

Cheap 

Discount 

Expensive 

Price

Sale 

Some examples:

When paying, sometimes we get nervous when paying for what we are going to buy, for fear of not understanding.

Some common words:

Cash

change

credit card

Debit card

Receipt

Refund

some example:

She will pay with credit card.

Here is your receipt.

The store only accepts cash as payment

Simple present vs Present continuous