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Written by: Natalie Lizaso

Illustrated by: Natalie Lizaso

Florida International University

 Volcanic ash is made up of volcanic fragments, small 

rocks, and minerals. Ash is formed when a Volcano is 

exploding.

Basalt is a type of igneous rock that forms from volcanic 

eruptions. It is black in color and is the most common type 

of rock on the Earth's crust.

Not all volcanoes are erupting! Volcanoes can be 

classified into three categories; active, dormant, and 

extinct.

Dormant Volcanoes are volcanoes that are not erupting 

and have not erupted for a long time. But, scientist 

think the volcano may just be sleeping and could wake 

up and erupt again!

Extinct Volcanoes have not erupted for a long time 

and scientist think they will never erupt again!

Active Volcanoes are still erupting through a 

volcano's fissure, or crack. 

Geologist are people who study the Earth. Geologist have 

discovered that some volcanoes can be found underwater. 

Underwater volcanoes can erupt so much, their ash, dust, rocks, 

and smoke can even form islands!

In fact, the islands of Hawaii were made from an underwater 

volcano! There are many volcanoes on Hawaii today! Some are 

still erupting. 

Many islands in the Pacific Ocean have been 

formed from Volcanoes.

Volcanoes are not just on islands, some are on 

peninsulas like the country of Italy. This is a picture of 

Monte Vulture located in the center of Italy.

A special plant called a kapuka, can survive 

volcanic ash and strong volcanic eruptions.

Lava is the term used to describe magma that has 

risen to the surface and has touched Earth's Crust.

Magma is what lava is called when it is still 

inside of the Earth's mantle.

One of the world's most active volcanoes is Mount 

Nyiragongo, located in the Democratic Republic 

of the Congo

Sometimes a Volcano erupts so high and fast, it can 

cause outgassing. Outgassing is when volcanic ash 

and smoke reach the Earth's atmosphere.

Pumice is a type of rock that forms from Volcanoes! When the 

lava cools after an eruption, pumice rocks form. 

Volcanic eruptions can happen quickly and cause 

other natural disasters such as mud-flows, rock-

flows, and even tsunamis. 

The Ring of Fire is the area of the world 

where geologist have discovered the most 

volcanoes.

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