I dedicate this book to my Social Studies
teacher, Mrs. Greer. You are the best Social
Studies teacher that ever walked the Earth!
Hope you enjoy!

- Lyndsey J.

This book was created and published on StoryJumper™

Publish your own children's book:

www.storyjumper.com

BAC

AAfterlife In Ancient Egypt, the Egyptians believed there was an Afterlife.
The afterlife is the life after a death. The Egyptians believed that
the Ka needed food and drink so that they would not be hungry or
thirsty in the afterlife. The Egyptians would put all of the
Egyptian's belongings in the tomb with the past Egyptian. They
thought that the Ka needed everything the Egyptian had in the first
life to be satisfied in the afterlife. To the Egyptians, the afterlife
was very important.

Burial The Burial is a ceremony at which someones body is inferred.
It was the same thing as today's funeral and burial. The
Egyptians buried the dead directly in the ground. The wealthy
would be buried in a pyramid. The burial included what the
Egyptians called "Mummification". This would help preserve
the body.B

This is an Ancient Egyptian coffin. It
was used in the burial process for the
royal family.

Cleopatra Cleopatra was one of the most famous rulers of Egypt in
history. ruled ancient Egypt as co-regent (first with her two
younger brothers and then with her son) for almost three
decades. She became the last in a dynasty of Macedonian
rulers founded by Ptolemy, who served as general under
Alexander the Great during his conquest of Egypt in 332
B.C. Well-educated and clever, Cleopatra could speak many
different languages.or

This is what is to be believed what Cleopatra
looked like.

Dynasty In Ancient Egyptian history, dynasties are series of rulers sharing a
common origin, who are usually, though not necessarily, of the same
family. For example, in the beginning of the nineteenth dynasty, was
Ramses I. When Ramses I died, his son Seti I took the throne. When
he died, his son Ramses II took over and it keeps on going on, until
Queen Twosret took the throne (page 9). this is what a dynasty is and
an example of one.

Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt

Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt

EEgypt Egypt is a country linking northeast Africa with the Middle East. It dates to
the time of the pharaohs. Very old monuments still sit along the fertile Nile River
Valley, including the colossal Pyramids and Sphinx at Giza and the hieroglyph-lined
Karnak Temple and Valley of the Kings tombs in Luxor. The king or ruler of (or part
of) Egypt was called the pharaoh. Egypt had many pharaohs. Egypt is full of history.
It is full of historical monuments, and Egypt itself is a historical country with many
mysteries still to be uncovered.

These are some of the historical monuments located in Egypt.

Flail The flail, or flabellum, consisted of a short handle with three beaded strands, or flyers,
attatched to it. It was an ancient symbol of royal power and it was often seen depicted with
other regalia, (scepter) generally the crook. The flail was rarely used as a amulet. Most of
these were made of sheet gold and part of tomb equipment of Late Period mummies. It is not
a clear explanation why commoners wouls have used them, but because they were emblems of
Osiris they may have strengthened the identification of the deceased god who had risen from
the dead, plus improving his chances of eternal life. The flail, as a scourge, symbolizes the
punishments deemed necessary to sustain society.

|
Flail- CrookThis is a Flail (bottom right).
It is often seen paired with
a crook (top left).

GGeb

Geb is the Earth god, also known as Keb or Seb. He would receive the
dead, at first deceased pharaohs only who could aspire to an eternal life in
heaven. Later, common men could also tread the path to eternal life. As a
personification of the Earth god, he made earthquakes when he spoke and a
begetter of the sun with Nut, he had said how it was to be ruled. at first he
installed his son Osiris. After Osiris was killed, he had to decide between
his evil son Seth and his grandson Horus. Later, Geb made Horus ruler over
all the Earth (Egypt), and the pharaohs called themselves heirs of Geb. He
brought forth plants which grew on his back, and springs poured out from him.

This is what the Egyptians
believed Geb, the Earth god,
looked like.Geb was called "The Great Cackler", and because
of this was represented as a goose. It was in this
form that was said that Geb laid and egg from
which the sun was hatched.- goose

Horus In Egyptian mythology, Horus was the god of light. He personified the
life-giving power of the sun, which was one of Horus' eyes, the other being the moon.
Horus was USUALLY represented as a man with a falcon head and wearing a sun disk
for a crown. Horus was the child of Osiris and Isis, and the brother of Seth. After
Seth murdered their father, Osiris, Horus avenged his father's murder by killing
Seth. Another story is that in his struggle against Seth for the succession of Osiris,
he was judged by the gods to be in the right and was declared ruler of Egypt. Horus
was the sun god of the Egyptians.

-sun disk-falcon headThis is what the Egyptians
believed Horus looked like.

IIsis

Isis was the mother goddess of fertility and nature. Her worship was
combined with her brother, her husband, Osiris, and her son Horus. After
the murder of Osiris, she reassembled Osiris' body parts, and brought him
back to life. Most of the time she depicted wearing on her head the horns
of a cow, encircling either a lunar or solar disk, which were generally
attributes to Hathor. Isis is probably one of the most well known Egyptian
gods.

This is what the Egyptians believed
Isis, the goddess of fertility and
nature, looked like.-lunar or solar disk

JJudgment of the Dead

The tradition of the Judgment of the Dead was introduced after the
collapse of the Old Kingdom, during which the king, as son of Horus, had
been immortal and as a god beyond reproach. In the Pyramid Texts, it was
the king who was acting rather than being acted upon. The role of the gods
was to protect him and not judge him. Later, as ordinary mortals began to
hope for and prepare for eternal life, "deification" was made conditionally
on the moral conduct of the deceased when he had still been alive. It soon
became possible for all righteous people to attain immortality in their own
right......after successfully passing the examination of the gods.

Ka The ka is a spiritual double that was born with every man and lived on after the man
died as long as it has a place to live. The Ka lived inside of the body of the individual and
needed that body after death. This is why the Egyptians mummified their dead. If the
decomposed, the ka would die and the past Egyptian would lose its chance for eternal life.
The Egyptian polite term for death was "Going to one's ka". After death, the ka became
supreme. Kings (pharaohs) claimed to have more than one ka. Ramses II announces that he
had over 20. When the ka acted, all was well. Spiritually, and materially. The ka could also
be seen as the guide of each man, urging kindness, quietude, honor, and compassion. In
images and statues of the ka, they are showed as their owner in an idealized state of
youth, vigor, and beauty. The ka is the origin and giver of all the Egyptians saw desirable,
especially eternal life.

Ka statue of Hor-Awibra
(top left corner)

LLuxor

Luxor is a city, located in southern Egypt on the east side of the Nile River. Luxor is the most
ancient city of Thebes. The Great Temples of Karnak and Luxor are located inside the city itself.
After playing a major role against the invading forces of Hiksus, Thebes, right form the 18th
dynasty and through the 20th dynasty, became a major political, military and religious capital of
Ancient Egypt. It attracted many foreign groups, such as of Babylonians, the Mitanni, Hittits,
Canaanites, Phoenicians, and Minoans, until it slowly started to fade away, remaining only as a
religious capital. In later time, Assyrian emperor Ashurbanipal conquered the city , installing the
Libyan prince on the throne, and leaving the once great city in ruins. Alexander the Great arrived
later to the temple of Amun Ra, and have transferred the statue of God from Karnak, but despite
all of this, Thebes still remained its ground spiritually, and even attracted some monks, during the
Roman Empire, to build churches among the ruins.

This is the Luxor Temple located in the Luxor.

MenesM

Menes was the very first pharaoh of Upper and Lower Egypt. Menes' reign of
Egypt from 3407-3346 B.C was treated as the dawn of Egyptian civilization in
many classical histories. Modern archaeological findings have since displaced
Menes as the first name in Egyptian history, and though experts today agree
that Mena is the correct name for one of the first kings of Upper and Lower
Egypt, there is some doubt that Menes was the military "Unifier of the Two
Lands." The ancestors of Menes, named "Horus-people" or " Hawk-people" after
an early king who became one of their chief gods, consolidated the disparate
southern districts around the First Cataract of Aswan in the Nile Valley into the
Upper Kingdom, named for its location upstream on the northward-flowing Nile.
Menes wore both crowns; white crown of Upper Egypt, Red crown for Lower
Egypt. Menes was one of the First pharaohs to rule both Upper and Lower Egypt.

|
Upper Egypt |
Lower EgyptKing Menes

New Kingdom The New Kingdom is the period in ancient Egyptian history was the time when Egypt
reached the height of its power. Military campaigns were launched during the New
Kingdom and the eastern coast of the Mediterranean came under Egyptian rule. The
Egyptians fought against the Hittites for control of the lucrative trade routes to
Mesopotamia, Pharaoh Ramses the Great fought the hittites in the Battle of Kadesh.
The New Kingdom was a period of great wealth, luxury and power. The Egyptian Priests
of the New Kingdom acquired unprecedented power, and new religious cult centers
emerged, bringing great wealth to many cities. The New Kingdom was indeed a very
new kingdom.

Osiris Osiris is the god of the dead. He i also known as the god of the afterlife or
underworld. He was a kindly Pharaoh, teaching agriculture, music, arts, and religion to his
people. Jealous of his successful reign, his brother Seth killed him with the help of many
accomplices and took control of Egypt. However, Seth's reign was foreshortened by
Isis's great love for her husband, Osiris, whom she brought back from the dead. Isis, a
skillful magician, gave Osiris breath by flapping her wings above him while changing into a
bird. Osiris and Isis then conceived Horus, their beloved son. Seth, seething in anger,
killed Osiris once again, this time by cutting his body to pieces and throwing them into
the Nile River. Isis, with the help of Anubis, the god with the jackal head, reconstituted
Osiris's body with bandages and embalming rites, thus creating the first mummy. During
this act, the god Thoth recited an incantation. Finally, Horus avenged his father Osiris in
a bloody duel with Seth in which Horus lost his eye, which became the moon. Osiris is now
a dead god of the dead.

Pharaoh The pharaoh is the king or ruler of Egypt. The term pharaoh actually means: great
house, in the sense of palace, goes back to the Old Kingdom. The Egyptians considered
the pharaoh a god or children of gods. The pharaohs were thought to be the link between
the gods and the Egyptians. If the crops were bad, they blamed it on the pharaoh.If the
crops were good, the gave credit to the pharaoh. When the pharaoh's son grows older,
and the pharaoh dies, the son will take over the throne. This will start a dynasty if it
keeps repeating over and over. Pharaohs are responsible for everything, even the
people's happiness. They are the man, ruler, and god.

QQebehsenuef

Qebehsenuef was one of Horus' four sons. He was also known as Kabexnuf. He was
portrayed as a mummified falcon. Horus (the elder) had numerous wives and children, and
his four son's were grouped together and generally said to be born of Isis. Qebehsenuef was
one. The other three were Imsety, Hapy and Duamutef. They were born from a lotus flower
and were solar gods associated with the creation. Qebehsenuef's role was to protect the
intestines of the decease and was the guardian of the West. He was protected by the
goddess Selket. His protected organs were the intestines. The west was his cardinal point, and
of course if portrayed as a mummified falcon, he had the head of a falcon. Qebehsenuef and
his brothers were believed to be born of Isis. They each had their own place to protect and a
god or goddess to protect them.

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I dedicate this book to my Social Studies
teacher, Mrs. Greer. You are the best Social
Studies teacher that ever walked the Earth!
Hope you enjoy!

- Lyndsey J.

This book was created and published on StoryJumper™

Publish your own children's book:

www.storyjumper.com

BAC