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Table of Contents

1. Judaism

Leader & Beginnings (Timeline)

Holy Writings and Guidelines

Beliefs/Influence of Beliefs

2. Christianity

Leader & Beginnings (Timeline)

Holy Writings and Guidelines

Beliefs/Influence of Beliefs

3. Hinduism

Leader & Beginnings (Timeline)

Holy Writings and Guidelines

Beliefs/Influence of Beliefs

4. Buddhism

Leader & Beginnings (Timeline)

Holy Writings and Guidelines

Beliefs/Influence of Beliefs

5. Islamic/Muslim

Leader & Beginnings (Timeline)

Holy Writings and Guidelines

Beliefs/Influence of Beliefs

6. Confucianism

Leader & Beginnings (Timeline)

Holy Writings and Guidelines

Beliefs/Influence of Beliefs

Timeline

  3800 B.CE - 2001 BCE - The Dawn of “History”

    2000 B.C.E. - 587 BCE - Context of Ancient Israelite Religion

    538 BCE - 70 CE - Judaism After the Babylonian Exile

    230 BCE-400 CE - Rule of Rome

    70 - 500 - Rabbinic Jewish Period of Talmud Development

    325 - 590 - Consolidation & Dominance of Classical Christianity

    600 - 1500 - “Medieval” Period in the West

    570 - 1258 - Reception & Classical Development of Muhammad's Islamic Message

    1095-1258 - Crusades

    1258-1500 - Further Transitions and Rebuilding of Political Islam

    1291-1516 - Mamluk Rule

    1517-1569 - Reformation and Post-Reformation Christian Period

    1500-1920 - Dominance of Ottoman Muslim Empire in Turkey

    1700-1917 - Jewish Modern and Contemporary Periods

    1914-1918 - Islamic Unrest and Realignment in the Middle East

    1918-1947 - British Rule in Palestine

    1947-Present - Modern Israel & the Diaspora

Holy Writings and Guidelines

The Jewish Bible is called the Tanakh. The word Tanakh is an acronym 

representing its three sections: Torah (Teachings), Nevi'im (Prophets), 

K'tuvim (Writings).

Christianity

4 BCE     Jesus of Nazareth is born

30 CE     Death of Jesus

35-36 CE     Saul of Tarsus comes to believe in Jesus as the Messiah and becomes the apostle 

Paul

64 CE     Great Fire in Rome; Nero blames and executes Christians

70 CE     Fall of Jerusalem

70-100 CE     Gospels of Mark, Matthew, and Luke (Luke-Acts) written

90-110 CE     Gospel of John written

90-150 CE     Gospel of Thomas and other Gnostic manuscripts written

313 CE     Edict of Milan

325 CE     Council of Nicea

367 CE     The present list of twenty-seven books of the New Testament was set out by 

Athanasius in Alexandria

451 CE     Council of Chalcedon

1054 CE     East-West Schism split between Eastern (Orthodox Christianity) and Western    

(Roman Catholic) churches formalized

1517 CE     95 Theses of Martin Luther begins German Protestant Reformation

c. 1540 CE     Counter-Reformation

Holy Writings

The Christians follow the Bible

Hinduism

There are 3 main gods in the Hindu are Brahma, Vishnu, 

and Shiva.

Timeline

2800-2000 BCE      Indus Valley civilization.

1200-900 BCE      Early Vedic Period - earliest Vedas are compiled.

900-600 BCE      Late Vedic period - Brahmanical religion develops, emphasizing ritual and social obligation.

800-300 BCE      The 11 major Upanishads are written, which include the ideas of reincarnation and karma.

500 BCE-1000 CE      Epics and Puranas are written, reflecting the rise of devotional movements dedicated to 

Shiva, Vishnu and Devi.

5th cent. BCE      Buddhism and Jainism founded in India.

c. 320-185 BCE      Mauryan Dynasty founded by Chandragupta.

c. 320-500 CE      Gupta empire.

c. 500-650 CE      Gupta empire divides into several kingdoms.

c. 600-1600 CE      Rise of devotional movements, puja (worship) rituals, and idea of equality of devotees.

7th-11th cent.      Esoteric movements based on Tantras develop.

c. 870-1280      Cholas dynasty. Hinduism arises in the south.

1498      European presence in southern Asia begins with the arrival of Vasco de Gama.

1540s      Portugese missionaries arrive in India.

17th-19th cent.      Hindu Renaissance.

c. 1700      British East India Company formed.

1720      Collapse of the Mughal empire; British begin to take power.

1857      National War of Independence against the British is sparked by the British use of cow fat in guns.

1876      Queen Victoria becomes Empress of India.

1895      Vedanta Society founded by Vivekananda. Promotes Hinduism as a world religion and India as a single 

nation.

1915      Gandhi joins the nationalist movement.

1947      India regains independence, but its partitioning leads to conflicts between Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs.

1948      Assassination of Gandhi.

1950      Constitution of the Republic of India.

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