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Samuel Slater secretly brought over machinery plans from 

Britain. He is responsible for the first efficient American 

machinery for spinning cotton thread in 1791. The results of 

Slater's actions fueled the start of the Industrial Revolution. 

Eli Whitney invented the 

cotton gin in 1793, 

which heavily impacted 

cotton. With this 

invention, cotton 

became highly profitable 

and slavery increased 

due to a higher cotton 

demand. 

In 1798, Whitney also invented the 

concept of interchangeable parts that 

improved manufacturing. The concept 

became the basis of modern day mass 

production. It gave the North the 

advantage to win the Civil War, and it 

caused factories to flourish. 

Elias Howe is credited with the 

invention of the sewing 

machine in 1846. Like Eli 

Whitney, his invention also 

bolstered northern 

industrialization. The invention 

of the sewing machine paved 

way for the ready-made 

clothing industry. It also 

changed the work setting of 

many seamstresses: instead of 

working in a home setting, they 

now began working in factories. 

Samuel F. B. Morse's 

invention of the 

telegraph in 1844 led to 

instant communication 

between people. It also 

tightened the distance 

between people, making 

it easier for people to 

communicate long 

distance. 

In 1837, John Deere devised the steel plow. This 

invention allowed the West to cultivate their land more 

easily. Unlike the wooden plows that broke easily in the 

thick soil, the steel plow was sharp and lightweight. It 

led to more harvesting of crops in the West.  

The McCormick reaper, invented in the 1830s, was an 

extremely significant invention for the West. It brought upon 

the change from subsistence farming to extensive farming, 

because more and more farmers began buying land and 

machinery. It led to the West harvesting a larger crop than the 

South! Just like the steel plow, the McCormick reaper improved 

Western cultivation of land. 

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