Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Emergency Action Plan...4

Emergency Action Plan...5-6

Chapter 2: Injuries to the Body...7

Avulsion Wound...8

A Closed Broken Bone...9

Laceration Wound...10

Pulled or Torn Muscle...11

Puncture Wound...12

An Open Broken Bone...13

Muscle Cramp...14

Shock due to Injury...15

Sprain...16

Table of Contents

Chapter 3: Indoor/Outdoor Activities...17 Chapter 4: Upper Body Emergencies...29

Burns...18 Heart Attack...30

Choking in an Adult...19 Explain CPR...31

Choking in a Child...20 Diabetic Shock...32

Convulsions...21 Sources Cited...33

Frostbite...22

Heat Exhaustion...23

Heat Stroke...24

High Fever...25

Nosebleeds...26

Poisons (swallowing)...27

Snake Bites...28

Chapter 1: Emergency Action Plan

Emergency Action Plan

• Remain Calm. Take a deep breath. You will need to clear your head in order to focus on your next move.
• Assess the situation/Get Advice from Program Staff.  Identify in what kind of emergency situation you find yourself.
• Take Action.  Exercise good judgement. Follow your evacuation plan/written instructions/maps you have developed as part of your EAP to help remove you from the emergency and get you to a safer location where you can get help. Remember the alternate transportation options you have available.
• Get in touch.  Now that you are in a safer and more stable location, update others about your situation. Using a method of communication at your disposal, get in touch with your emergency contacts so they can help you. Have them assist you in finding what you need (medical care, transport, a lawyer, etc.)

Emergency Action Plan

Move to a more permanent location.  After you have removed yourself from any immediate threat, regrouped at a safer location, and gotten in touch with your emergency contacts, you may need to move to a more permanent location for treatment/assistance. Consider your transportation options and get yourself to the appropriate location.

Stay in touch.  Maintain contact and update your emergency contacts on your condition. It would be useful to have a "communication tree" whereby your emergency contacts can collaborate to help you through the emergency situation.

Evaluate and revise your EAP. After the emergency is over, and once your condition has stabilized, evaluate your EAP and use what you've learned to revise it in case of future emergencies

Chapter 2: Injuries to The Body

Avulsion Wound

What is an avulsion wound? An avulsion is a wound that happens when skin is torn from your body during an accident or other injury.

How do you treat it? Rinse the wound with water or saline solution, the cleaner the better. Sterile irrigation is the best. If the tissue is not completely torn away, replace the flap and dress the wound

A Closed Broken Bone

What is a closed broken bone? When the bone breaks but there is no puncture or open wound in the skin.

How do you treat it? Stop any bleeding. Apply pressure to the wound with a sterile bandage, a clean cloth or a clean piece of clothing. Immobilize the injured area. Don't try to realign the bone or push a bone that's sticking out back in. If you've been trained in how to splint and professional help isn't readily available, apply a splint to the area above and below the fracture sites. Padding the splints can help reduce discomfort. Apply ice packs to limit swelling and help relieve pain.Don't apply ice directly to the skin. Wrap the ice in a towel, piece of cloth or some other material. Treat for shock. If the person feels faint or is breathing in short, rapid breaths, lay the person down with the head slightly lower than the trunk and, if possible, elevate the legs.

Laceration Wound

What is a laceration wound? A laceration is a wound that is produced by the tearing of soft body tissue.

How do you treat it? Stop the Bleeding. Apply direct pressure on the area. Clean and Protect. Clean the area with warm water and gentle soap. Call a Health Care Provider. Follow Up. For a minor cut or laceration, remove bandage after a couple of days to promote healing.

Pulled or Torn Muscle

What is a pulled or torn muscle? A muscle strain, or pulled muscle, occurs when your muscle is overstretched or torn. This usually occurs as a result of fatigue, overuse, or improper use of a muscle.

How do you treat it? Protect the strained muscle from further injury .Rest the strained muscle. Ice the muscle area, compression can be gently applied with an ace or other elastic bandage, which can both provide support and decrease swelling. Elevate the injured area to decrease swelling.

Puncture Wound

What is a puncture wound? A puncture wound has a small entry hole caused by a pointed object, such as a nail that you have stepped on.

How do you treat it? Remove the object if you can. If the object that caused the puncture is small and you can easily remove it, do so. Stop the Bleeding. Apply firm, direct pressure with sterile gauze or clean cloth until bleeding stops. Clean and Protect the Wound. Rinse the wound under clean water for several minutes. Treat Pain. Follow-up.

An Open Broken Bone

What is an open broken bone? A fracture in which there is an open wound or break in the skin near the site of the broken bone.

How do you treat it? Stop any bleeding. Apply pressure to the wound with a sterile bandage, a clean cloth or a clean piece of clothing. Immobilize the injured area. Apply ice packs to limit swelling and help relieve pain. Treat for shock.

Muscle Cramp

What is a muscle cramp? A muscle cramp is a sudden and involuntary contraction of one or more of your muscles.

How do you treat it? Stretch and massage. For a calf cramp, put your weight on your cramped leg and bend your knee slightly. Apply heat or cold and use a warm towel or heating pad on tense or tight muscles.

Shock due to Injury

What is a shock due to injury? Shock may result from trauma, heatstroke, blood loss, an allergic reaction, severe infection, poisoning, severe burns or other causes. When a person is in shock, his or her organs aren't getting enough blood or oxygen.

How do you treat it? 1. Lay the person down, if possible. 2. Begin CPR if necessary. 3. Treat obvious injuries. 4. Follow up

Sprain

What is a sprain? A stretching or tearing of ligaments, the fibrous tissue that connects bones and joints.

How do you treat it? Treatment varies and may include rest, ice, compression, and elevation and anti-inflammatory medications.

Chapter 3: Indoor/outdoor Activities

Burns

What is a burn? A burn is an injury caused by exposure to heat or flame.

How do you treat it? Rinse the burn, clean it, and bandage it if necessary.

Choking in an Adult

What is choking in an adult? Inability to breathe caused by a blockage in the throat or windpipe.

How do you treat it? You can treat it by using firm, upward thrusts, on the abdomen.

Choking in a Child

What is choking in a child? Inability to breathe caused by a blockage in the throat or windpipe.

How do you treat it? Try to dislodge the object with back blows and abdominal thrusts.

Convulsions

What are convulsions? A convulsion is a medical condition where body muscles contract and relax rapidly and repeatedly, resulting in an uncontrolled shaking of the body.

How do you treat it? Protect the person from injury, turn the person on their side, but do not force anything